Bo Diddley (December 30, 1928 - June 2, 2008) “The Originator,”

Blues Advocate

 

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Today we celebrate the life and music of the legendary Bo Diddley, born on December 30, 1928 ~

Bo Diddley (December 30, 1928 - June 2, 2008) “The Originator,” was an influential American rock and roll singer, songwriter, and guitarist. He is often cited as a key figure in the transition of blues into rock and roll, by introducing more insistent, driving rhythms and a harder-edged guitar sound.

Bo Diddley broke new ground in rock and roll’s formative years
with his unique guitar work, indelible African rhythms, inventive songwriting and larger-than-life persona. He will forever be known for popularizing one of the foundational rhythms of rock and roll: the Bo Diddley beat. He employed it in his namesake song, “Bo Diddley,” as well as other primal rockers like “Mona.” This African-based 4/4 rhythm pattern (which goes bomp-bomp-bomp bomp-bomp) was picked up from Diddley by other artists and has been a distinctive and recurring element in rock and roll through the decades. It can be heard on Buddy Holly’s “Not Fade Away” (later covered by the Rolling Stones), Johnny Otis’ “Willie and the Hand Jive,” the Strangeloves’ “I Want Candy,” the Who’s “Magic Bus” and Bruce Springsteen’s “She’s the One,” to name just several songs.

Diddley is the author of a body of songs, including “Who Do You Love?,” “Road Runner,” “Mona,” “Before You Accuse Me” and “I’m a Man,” that are among the earliest examples of rock and roll rising out of its source material in rhythm and blues. Diddley married two worlds he knew well – the Deep South and the streets of Chicago – in his music. Born Ellas Bates in McComb, Mississippi, Diddley was raised by his mother’s cousin, Gussie McDaniel, whose surname he legally adopted. The family moved to Chicago when Diddley was seven. His earliest exposure to music came via the church. The first instrument he learned to play was the violin, though hearing John Lee Hooker’s 1949 R&B hit, “Boogie Chillen” inspired him to pick up the guitar. Diddley claimed that playing the violin influenced his muted-string, choke-neck style of rhythm guitar – an early forerunner of funk that can be heard on songs like “Pretty Thing.” “It’s mixed up with spiritual, sanctified rhythms,” he explained, “and the feeling I have of making people [want to] shout.”

Diddley formed a band called the Hipsters (later the Langley Avenue Jive Cats) while in high school and landed a regular spot at the 708 Club on Chicago’s South Side in 1951. He signed with the Checker label, a Chess Records subsidiary, in 1955. Diddley’s earliest records were contemporaneous with those of labelmate Chuck Berry. His debut single was a two-sided classic that paired “Bo Diddley” with “I’m a Man.” It was the first in a string of groundbreaking sides that walked the fine line between rhythm & blues and rock & roll. Others included “Diddley Daddy,” “Pretty Thing” and “Road Runner,” which were all Top 20 R&B hits. One of Diddley’s crossover successes came with “Say Man,” a laugh-filled exchange of jive talk between Diddley and his maraca player, Jerome Green. Their verbal sparring derived from the African-American pastime of “signifying’ or “doing the dozens” and foreshadowed the battle rapping of the present day, minus the profanity.

Diddley was also an inventor, devising his own tremolo effect and playing a unique, rectangular “cigar box” guitar that he designed in 1958. His ever-fertile mind also inspired him to set up one of the first home studios. The prolific singer/guitarist released a string of albums whose titles – including Bo Diddley Is a Gunslinger and Have Guitar, Will Travel – bolstered his self-invented legend. Between 1958 and 1963, Checker released 11 full-length albums by Bo Diddley. Two Great Guitars, released in 1964, was jointly credited to Bo Diddley and Chuck Berry.



A regular at Harlem’s Apollo Theatre, Diddley also traveled with the rock and roll revues of the day. His exemplary touring band including fellow Chicagoans Jerome Green on bass and maracas, pianist Otis Spann, Billy Boy Arnold on harmonica and drummer Frank Kirkland. Diddley retained his iconic status as a rock and roll pioneer, steadily releasing albums on Checker through the mid-Seventies. Further releases, such as 1988’s Live at the Ritz (a concert recording with Rolling Stone Ron Wood) and 1996’s A Man Among Men (a studio album featuring a host of famous guests) came more intermittently in the ensuing decades. Meanwhile, Diddley continued to work the live circuit in tireless fashion. He was righteously outspoken on the subject of underpayment, bad contracts and other ripoffs that denied many early rock and rollers (himself among them) what was due them. Diddley passed away on June 2, 2008, age 79.

Source: http://rockhall.com/inductees/bo-diddley/bio/

DNA Accuracy in Genealogy is a Fallacy

Elder_Metis
 http://newfrancemetis.blogspot.com/

Tuesday, August 28, 2012

It amazes me that some people believe that DNA analysis will tell them the truth about their French/native origins in Canada and even in the US. Many websites repeat this fallacy over and over again. I am even more amazed when someone with genealogical or professional credentials repeat the same thing!

Y-DNA and  mtDNA is passed down from father to son.  Mothers can only pass down mtDNA to their Daughters. They in turn pass the same DNA to their boys and girls in the same manner.  DNA lineages can only be accurate if DNA lines are unbroken.

We are the sum of all our grandparents. The science of DNA is being asked to prove, especially in North America, if we have the same DNA as the indigenous people related to the shared history of an ancestor.  Unfortunately, at this point, it cannot, with absolute accuracy, do this. It can point, suggest, infer, advise, propose, hint, intimate, indicate, pose etc, etc. etc. Companies who do the testing are careful to tell you this. They will also tell you that the format in which results are calculated could be faulty and as DNA science improves past errors will be corrected. It is the present rules of DNA that is referenced here. These rules are,so far, irrevocable. It may be possible that future DNA science will circumvent these rules to provide a far more accurate tracking of the identity of individuals as well as the finer footprints in the migration of small and large populations in the world:

• DNA INHERITANCE RULES AS APPLIED TO GENEALOGY:
• Both mtDNA from the mother and Y-DNA from the father pass down to a son. When the son marries it is the mtDNA of his wife that passes to their offsprings. The mtDNA from the son's mother cannot pass to his offsprings even though his mother's genes are part of her grandchildren's genome. 
• Only mtDNA passes down to the female. 
• Lineage must be direct, son to son or daughter to daughter, for absolute accuracy.
• To identify an individual in an identical group or family, the term haplogroup is used, and if these groups split off from the main group, the terms subgroup or subclad are used. Family Tree DNA explains this very well using the haplogroup X as an example:  http://www.familytreedna.com/public/x You must remember that there are other identical families as well. For example A, B, C. D, X etc., are indicators of Native peoples in North America. Check this website to see more:  http://www.scs.illinois.edu/~mcdonald/WorldHaplogroupsMaps.pdf.
• Groups are determined by identical DNA mutations that, from time to time, appear and are passed down from generation to generation. The emphasis here is time. Mutations in our genes,, appear over time. Genes are those microscopic fragments that determine eye colour, hair colour, etc. The cause of mutations in our genes could be any number of things that are capable of dislodging or changing a part of our genes. This could be environmental, outside radiation, or possibly a result of  genetic processes. In this way by testing a large sample of the world population a migration pattern emerges making it possible to determine approximate historical dates and migration routes all around the world.
• Haplogroups can mutate into an entirely new haplogroup.
• Any haplogroup or subgroup can remove the detection of a previous haplogroup or subgroup. The implications of this rule is often traumatic in genealogy!
• DNA science is in the infancy stage. Until we can map and categorize all mutations or unique genes in our genome, individually, we cannot be sure of the relative accuracy for genealogical use. The genome is the full and complete instruction in each and every one of our cells. Our cells are those little groups of individual, living biological microscopic pieces that tie together in the billions to create what we look like and possibly who we are! You can google the description of cells and how it's put together.

I have provided here a few examples of the application of these rules:

1. Haplogroup H is a European origin. You have just been tested. The result is your grandmother's (mtDNA)  haplogroup H. Does this tell the truth? Absolutely, for the present, and for you and your unadapted sibblings only! But it can only give a result to a nearest grandmother who is in the  haplogroup H category. If one prior grandmother was native, then the grandmother in  haplogroup H trumped the native grandmother’s A, B, C, D, or X haplogroup. Thus a False outcome! (This does not remove a social kinship with your native grandmother. You're still fully entitled to identify with her culture and include her in your family tree.)
2. In 1629 the French population of New France was displaced by the British. With the exception of a few people, like Madame Hebert, who had a house full of "mixed blood" and/or Native kids. Most couples and their families were deported to France or disappeared in the woods. These deportees were mostly "mixed blood" families. They made up many of the names in genealogical trees that do not have origins. Suppose a young French male (who’s mother was Native or "mixed blood"), while in France,  marries a French girl. They immigrate to New France (Canada)  in the years following 1632 when the French regained the colony. Do you think that DNA will determine the origin of the young "mixed blood" father who now has a boy and girl? Absolutely not! He cannot pass mtDNA native genes to his children, male or female. His Y-DNA would reflect his fathers European haplogroup and the mothers mtDNA would reflect European origin. Thus a false outcome!
3. A distant grandmother is thought to be native and there may be an oral tradition in the family which suggests this.—but the problem begins when there is absolutely no documentation on her origin. Several ancestors want to verify this, so why not get a mtDNA test. The test provides a disappointing non-native haplogroup. So on the family tree record is written“born in Europe or France. DNA test confirms this”. What might not be known is that this distant grandmother had a European grandmother absorbed into a tribe. She is culturally identified as native but DNA does not show this. Thus a false outcome!
4. Many more examples could expose the problem with genealogical DNA. There is nothing about present day DNA testing that should be accepted as the absolute truth about an ancestor. The test should only by used to satisfy your own curiosity and generally indicate the migration routes of ancestors. Canadian and US courts will NOT accept genealogical DNA testing to prove anything even if the test is in favour of a good outcome. It would be an injustice if DNA is arbitrarily included to determine Canadian First Nations status and non-status membership. 

If one is dealing with Family Statistical Genealogy or Family Biological Genealogy only then maybe DNA might be useful—but research in Family Sociological Genealogy is the only valid structure to reflect our cultural heritage. Being genetically or statistically related is not culturally important. We must keep in mind that it is the culture of our ancestors that maintains a strong lineage. It is the emotional bonding of people that creates the bases of family and lineage. We, as free people, can identify with any culture that we wish! Having said all this, there are circumstances that DNA might be useful pacifying the nay sayers.

Case in point. Radegonde Lambert has an unknown origin. Her direct family members got DNA tested. The outcome was inconclusive. She was categorized haplogroup (hg) X and X2b. This haplotype is definitely related to North American indigenous populations. But the hg X, a mutation of hg N, appeared in European populations much earlier than subgroups found in North American indigenous populations. The hg X2b occurred during, or just after the mutations of subgroup (sg) X2a  that were found in the native populations today. Hence, the outcome points to a greater likelihood that she is European.

But this is not all the evidence that is available from the science of DNA. Adding an historical and archeological perspective may logically determine Radegonde Lambert’s origin. There are a number of theories tying to determine how the very rare haplogroup X came into North America. Some say it came with hg A, B, C, and D across the Alaskan land Bridge during the ice age. But others say that this was probably wrong because hg X is not present in Asian populations. Yet another theory is that people with hg X traversed the waters when the ice melted. Still others think that they simply followed the shore along the ice during the ice age somewhere in the Pacific. The problem with these probable routes is that the only population with hg X on the pacific side of North America were, I believe, the Navajo people. No other populations had hg X along the Pacific North American coast and Central Plains. The greatest concentration of hg X was on the North East coast of North American.

Haplogroup X is relatively sparce across Europe but has some concentrated areas in the middle east today. The origin of mutation hg X would have been somewhere in the middle, south Eurasian continent and moved all the way up to the Scandinavian countries in the north. Tests on 1000 year old skeletons of early Vikings indicated a high concentration of hg X. Present day populations have a higher concentration of hg I than hg X. The introduction of hg X as well as hg I into England and France very likely came from Viking raiders. Archeological evidence, such as the Viking settlement in Newfoundland 800 to 1000 years ago would explain the possible introduction of mtDNA hg X2b into a local Newfoundland indigenous population. It is also very likely that the ancient Viking wanderers introduced haplogroup X more recently than 15,000 years ago in North Eastern Canada. More extensive DNA testing of Newfoundland and Nova Scotia native and "mixed blood" residents may verify this postulation. Another possible source of hg X is from the European fishing villages set up during or before 1500 along the coast of Labrador and Newfoundland.

Radegonde Lambert from this perspective would have received her mtDNA haplogroup X or X2b from a European mother who lived 600 - 1000 years ago. She would have had many generations of ancestors among the Mi’kmaw indigenous people!

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_X_(mtDNA)
http://www.familytreedna.com/public/acadiametismothers/default.aspx?section=mtresults
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_X_(mtDNA)
http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0002214

Posted by Elder_Metis  

Frogs, fractals and the tree of life

Who's zooming who?

Posted by TANN Biodiversity, Breakingnews, Evolution 11:00 AM

As ecologists assemble ever larger parts of the tree of life, whose evolutionary branches connect the millions of species on Earth, they need better ways of presenting and organising information. Now, biologist Dr James Rosindell of Imperial College London has developed a revolutionary way of visualising the tree of life. He will demonstrate his new software, which could evolve into a biological equivalent of Google Earth, at this week's British Ecological Society Annual Meeting at the University of Birmingham.

A biologist has developed a revolutionary way of visualising the tree of life [Credit: OneZoom, copyright James Rosindell]

Inspired by fractals -- the beautiful, repeating and infinitely complex patterns commonly found in nature -- OneZoom will help ecologists solve the problem of how to present vast amounts of information. And by doing so in an attractive, accessible fashion it could also inspire members of the public.

Developed with Dr Luke Harmon of the University of Idaho, OneZoom is based on the simple idea that all life of Earth can be contained on one page, where users access the information by simply zooming in and out of different areas. According to Dr Rosindell: "It's very much like exploring a map, zooming in on areas of interest to provide further details. By using the zooming concept the amount of information that can be placed on the page is limitless."

To ensure there are interesting things to see at different scales of zoom, Dr Rosindell used fractal-based algorithms similar to those used to produce detailed zoomable images that -- like the Mandelbrot set -- resemble plants and trees. "The only difference is now these are more than just pretty pictures that are fun to explore, they also become goldmines of information," he explains.

First public viewing of OneZoom at Evolution 2012

http://www.onezoom.org/software.htm

Taking this approach solves the problems associated with existing methods, says Dr Rosindell: "These are four-fold: we can't display very large trees; we can't use our intuition easily when looking at large tree diagrams; there are limited ways to add information about species and their common ancestors on the tree; and the tree visualisations tend not to be beautiful. It's easy to overlook beauty in data visualisation, but making things beautiful and enticing is important if we want the public to get interested in science."

As well as allowing the tree of life to be visualised in an intuitive, beautiful and fun fashion, OneZoom could open up new and interactive ways of publishing scientific results, he predicts: "I call these IFIGs -- interactive fractal inspired graphs -- and I think interactive graphs will become commonplace in scientific work."

Rosindell's ultimate aim is a biological equivalent of Google Earth. International collaborations already exist to collect the data, but they need visualisation tools like OneZoom to bring them to life. "My dream is to create the 'Google Maps of biology': a single page built around the tree of life with all described species, living and extinct, plus photos, maps and information on evolutionary paths. And it's something I want to make available for free on the web as well as in apps, educational packages and customisable displays at zoos, museums and science centres."

Dr James Rosindell will present OneZoom on December 18, 2012 to the British Ecological Society's Annual Meeting at the University of Birmingham.

Source: British Ecological Society (BES) [December 18, 2012]

Guitar World's guide The 10 Best Backing Bands of All Time

We've Got Your Back: The 10 Best Backing Bands of All Time

Posted 12/21/2012 at 11:28am | by Damian Fanelli, Josh Hart

 236 110 

We've got your back — Guitar World's guide to the 10 best backing bands of all time.

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04. Booker T. & the M.G.'s
Among the first backing bands to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Booker T. and the M.G.s may very well be the most imitated house band in history, playing on hundreds of recordings for Stax Records, fortifying the sound of Southern soul in the process. During the 1960s, they would lend their talents to countless hits, including Sam & Dave's "Soul Man" and Otis Redding's "(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay," even backing Redding at the 1967 Monterey Pop Festival.
While primarily known as a backing band, Booker T. & the M.G.’s also received some acclaim on their own, particularly with the 1962 instrumental “Green Onions,” which was added to the Library of Congress's National Recording Registry list of "culturally, historically, or aesthetically important" American sound recordings earlier this year.
In 1965, original bassist Lewie Steinberg would part ways with the band, paving the way for another Stax house band member, Donald “Duck” Dunn, to join the fray, solidifying a storied musical partnership.
“Steve and I are like an old married couple,” Dunn would later say of his relationship with Cropper. “I can look at him and know what he’s going to order for dinner.”
A further nod to their in-demand status, Dunn and Cropper would later join a pair of young Hollywood actors looking to cut an album of slick blues and R&B. They called themselves “the Blues Brothers.”

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Kill the Indians, Then Copy Them

By DAVID TREUER

Published: September 29, 2012

Los Angeles

Enlarge This Image

Byron Merrill

JUST over a week ago, a handful of Senator Scott P. Brown’s supporters gathered in Boston to protest his opponent, Elizabeth Warren. The crowd — making Indian war whoops and tomahawk chops — was ridiculing what Mr. Brown, Republican of Massachusetts, called the “offense” of Ms. Warren’s claim that she has Cherokee and Delaware ancestry.

To mock real Indians by chanting like Hollywood Indians in order to protest someone you claim is not Indian at all gets very confusing. Even more so because early Americans spent centuries killing Indians, and then decades trying to drive any distinctive Indianness out of the ones who survived. Perhaps we’ve come a long way if Americans are now going around accusing people who don’t look or act Indian enough of appropriating that identity for personal gain. But in fact, the appropriation of Indian virtues is one of the country’s oldest traditions. 

Indians — who we are and what we mean — have always been part of how America defined itself. Indians on the East Coast were largely (but never completely) deracinated, and tribes like the Delaware were either killed or relocated farther west. At the same time, their Indianness was extracted as a set of virtues: honor, stoicism, dignity, freedom. Once, in college, an African-American student shook his head when I told him that I was Indian and he said he was jealous. Why? I asked. Because you lived life on your own terms and would rather have died than become a slave. That sentiment — totally at odds with the reality in which many tribes were indeed enslaved and a few owned slaves themselves — seemed a very wistful expression of what being an Indian meant.

In any case, the mythic Indian virtues of dignity and freedom adhere less to real Indians than they do to the very nation that deposed them. Just think of how much the ultimate American, the cowboy, has in common with the Indian: a life lived beyond the law but in accordance with a higher set of laws like self-sufficiency, honor, toughness, a painful past, a fondness for whiskey and always that long, lingering look over his shoulder at a way of life quickly disappearing. Contrary to the view held by a lot of Indian people, America hasn’t forgotten us. It has always been obsessed with us and has appropriated, without recourse to reality or our own input, the qualities with which we are associated.

BEGINNING in the late 19th century, assimilation of the remaining American Indian population was official federal policy. This was around the time that the American frontier was considered closed: the West Coast had been reached and there were no more lands or peoples to conquer. And yet Indians still held on to much of our land and our identity. So at the behest of the federal government, thousands of Indian children were removed from their homes and sent to boarding schools. Indian languages and native religions were suppressed. 

Even as late as the 1950s, the federal government ran a relocation program that promised American Indians housing and job training if they left their rural communities for cities like Cleveland, Chicago and Los Angeles. (Very few of these programs provided anything close to what the brochures handed out door to door on many reservations had promised.)

Meanwhile, Indians themselves found work or didn’t, left their communities, or didn’t. Fell in love and married — sometimes other Indians and sometimes not. Had children. Got hired, got fired, found Jesus or went to a sweat lodge. For many of us, our Indianness was more than a heritage or an ancestral tale about who our great-great-grandparents were; our cultures remained central to who we were. For others, not so much. In states like Oklahoma, where Elizabeth Warren is from, it’s almost unusual not to grow up hearing stories about your Indian heritage. So many tribes were moved there, there was such a saturation of Indians who worked and were educated and lived alongside other Americans and such pressure to assimilate, that to have such heritage was, in some ways, to be an Oklahoman.

Growing up as I did, on the Ojibwe Leech Lake Reservation in northern Minnesota, it was patently obvious to me that Indians came in all different shapes and colors. I’m fairly light-skinned and have been told many times that, looking the way I do, I can’t be an Indian, not a real one. I’ve heard this from colleagues, writers, neighbors. Once I was told I couldn’t be Indian because we’d all been killed. And yet I am. We are bound by much more than phenotype or blood quantum; we share a language, history, religion, foods, the bonds of family. 

Only someone like Mr. Brown, who hasn’t spent any time around us or has only passing acquaintance with us, could say, as he did during a debate: “Professor Warren claimed she was a Native American, a person of color. And as you can see, she is not.” After the video of the tomahawk-chopping protesters emerged on the Internet last week, Mr. Brown apologized for their behavior. But he also explained that Ms. Warren had “claimed something she wasn’t entitled to.” 

Thankfully, we American Indians are no longer forced to assimilate to accepted American culture. Instead, as the senator from Massachusetts suggests, we’re expected to assimilate to accepted Indian culture, a stereotype perfected in Boston way back in 1773, when protesters tossed tea into the harbor dressed as Mohawks in war paint. By going after Ms. Warren’s claim, Mr. Brown is appealing to an American narrative just as old as the one where Indians are noble and dark and on horseback, and just as divorced from the textured complexity of the American experience; one where the good guys are broad-chested and the villains twirl their mustaches; one where the only differences that are allowed are those that serve to reinforce American fantasies; one where Americans persist in eradicating problem Indians, so that they can wear our feathers. 

David Treuer is an Ojibwe Indian and the author of “Rez Life: An Indian’s Journey Through the Land of His People.”

O Them Melungeons Trouble in a Genealogist’s Paradise

The War on Melungeons

25-May-2012from: DNA Consultants

Trouble in a Genealogist’s Paradise

It used to be that Melungeons (no, I won’t give you a link to this hot potato) were a quaint historical ethnic group in the Appalachians followed with a certain quirky interest by a few academic researchers and genteel listers on the Internet.

Then the Journal of Genetic Genetic Genealogy of the International Society for Genetic Genealogy published an article titled "Melungeons, A multiethnic Population,", by Roberta J. Estes, Jack H. Goins, Penny Ferguson and Janet Lewis Crain. The article got picked up by Fox News and Associated Press and was trumpeted on one of the genealogy lists like this:

Extra ! Extra ! Read all about it........

http://www.foxnews.com/us/2012/05/24/dna-study-seeks-origin-appalachia-melungeons/

http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=153634685
 

What ensued was like a box of flying squirrels being dumped in the living room of a trailer during a tornado, or an episode of the "Hatfields and McCoys," premiering on the History Channel on Memorial Day. Here are some random responses from Melungeon researchers (not to call them Melungeons, per se). We don't have a dog in this fight (or squirrel), but couldn't resist reporting on it. In my opinion this "peer reviewed" report contains more *misinformation* than most of the books and magazines that have been published in the last 20 years.

This doesn't hold any more water than Brent Kennedy's theory.  

Just not possible to to make an R1a
or R1b baby out of an E-3 man and a white woman.   

These little oversights are the things that can fuel class action lawsuits it
would seem to me.  

They wouldn't have wrote [sic] what they did in the article if the paper hadn't been published. I have been saying for years Jack was padding that project with the E haplogroups for his own purposes and this proves it.

And again your 'disagreement' is with the 'media' in this case the AP
and all the Newspaper's that published the article, which there appears
to be different version.  

Since article was based on the 'Peer Reviewed" article by JOGG can you tell us how many of the peers were certified genealogist?  

Well, I monitor this list, and I . . . have not seen any charactistics [sic]
among any of the Melungeons on the ridge, to indicate that they were mixed
with Africans. No kinky hair, thick lips, large hips, dark eyes, etc. Mine
had long straight hair, slim features, long slim fingers, and a bright
turquoise shade of eye coloring. I don't see this at all. Look at the
pictures of the Bell family that were published. I also did not see any
mention of the haplogroup in the articles. How are we, the public going to
see the breakdown of who is who?  

My opinion  is, I'm not so sure why they have such a personal vendetta to prove
the melungeons weren't who they said they were. Maybe it will be solved once and
for all now.  

They did not bother to mention that they used dna that I had helped to collect
for this group or they would never have had any Gibson data. Also they were
specifically told on more than one occasion not to used data that I had
recruited.  Also, secretly, they cut me out of the sharing on this group.   
Also, at least one of this group vowed never to agree  to have their name
attached to it. I guess it isn't any trouble not to keep your word.  I think it
is past time people stopped trying to make the melungeons to be something they
were not and regurgitating old data.  When I learned that Roberta and these were
doing this article she quickly removed it from her site and represents herself
on the site as a "scientist". 


You can be sure this is not the last of this.  They should be expecting it.   I can't believe so many families have been assigned ancestors without any evidence at all. I would call it capricious but it's more akin to arrogance.

You write about Jordan Gibson, yet you omitted the one DNA source from his line. Why? Was it because his haplotype was I1 and not African? Between this article and Wayne Winkler's recent radio interview, you have joined the ranks of Plecker [racist public health official Walter Plecker].

Shame on you.  

The genealogies are strung together with no documentation. For instance they write the sons of Gilbert Gibson; Jordan, Gideon and George went to Sandy Bluffs when the records show Gilberts sons on tax list and court records in Louisa County. The Gideon and Jordan Gibson at Sandy Bluffs were clearly different people, born at different times.


I know of no documentation showing the Collins family from the Pee Dee River related to Vardy Collins or the Collins families on Newmans Ridge. There are also no records that I know of that show Jacob Wolf and James Mooney of Baxter County, Arkansas were ever in Hawkins/Hancock County. These are just a few of the inaccuracies and misinformation from this report, I am getting together the documents to back this up and will be posting it shortly.

I would like to see a serious discussion of this report with questions answered rather than a back and forth on who should be allowed to do research.  

Who said genealogy was not interesting?

More information about Melungeons
Toward a Genetic Profile of Melungeons in Southern Appalachia
Melungeon Studies
Melungeon Match

'Blue Yule' - Various Blues Artists Blues Advocate

Blues Advocate

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Album Review: 'Blue Yule' - Various Blues Artists

https://www.facebook.com/BluesAdvocate

Blue Yule is without question one of the hippest collections of rhythm & blues Christmas music ever assembled. The disc boasts the likes of Louis Jordan, John Lee Hooker, the gospel-powered Pilgrim Travelers, and Johnny and Edgar Winter, as well as the likes of Detroit Junior's "Christmas Day" and Canned Heat's "Christmas Blues".

Lengthy even by contemporary CD standards, this 18-tracker also includes Charles Brown, Big Jack Johnson, Roy Milton, and the inscrutable Lightnin'' Hopkins wishing you both "Merry Christmas" and "Happy New Year." But perhaps the set''s greatest gift is also it''s strangest--Sonny Boy Williamson''s "Santa Claus," a rousing midtempo blues-rocker with a biting harp break and weird, funky lyrics about Sonny Boy going through his wife''s drawers.
 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mIOcxEsX2pE

DISC 1 for Blue Yule (CD) Album By Various Artists
1 Santa's Messin' with the Kid - Eddie Campbell
2 Merry Christmas
3 Christmas Blues - Canned Heat
4 Christmas Time Blues - Roy Milton
5 Christmas Day - Detroit Junior
6 Merry Christmas, Baby - Charles Brown
7 Please Come Home for Christmas - The Insight, Edgar Winter
8 Jingle Bell Boogie - Big Jack Johnson
9 Christmas Time-Pt. 1 - Jimmy McCracklin
10 Santa Claus, Santa Claus - Louis Jordan
11 Santa Claus - Sonny Boy Williamson
12 Merry Christmas Darling - Poppa Hop and His Orchestra
13 Blues for Christmas - John Lee Hooker
14 Happy New Year
15 Christmas Holidays [#] - Texas Pete Mayes
16 Santa Claus Baby - The Voices
17 I Want My Baby for Christmas - Jimmy Liggins
18 I'll Be Home for Christmas - Pilgrim Travelers

Source: http://www.tower.com/blue-yule-christmas-blues-r-b-classics-various-artists-cd/wapi/106726037#product_details

Johnny Winter - "Second Winter" from Blues Advocate

Album Review: Johnny Winter - "Second Winter"
(About Blues / By Reverend Keith A. Gordon)

The original vinyl release of Johnny Winter’s second album in 1970 was a unique two-disc, three-sided album in a gatefold sleeve. The "fourth" side was entirely blank, of course, just smooth ebony vinyl without a note of Winter’s wiry blues guitar or soulful voice. It may have been the only three-sided album ever released, but the three sides of music they did release were hauntingly powerful....

As legend would have it, a feature story on the brash young albino guitarslinger from the Lone Star State appeared in Rolling Stone magazine, which led to a management contract with NYC club owner Steve Paul. An eventual bidding war flared up between record labels for the services of the blooze-rock wunderkind and, after signing with Columbia, Winter’s Nashville-recorded, self-titled debut was released to great critical acclaim. It also sold like flapjacks in a logging camp, which means that the label shuffled Winter and his band back to Nashville to record a quick follow-up.

Second Winter was the artist’s sophomore effort, and lemme tell ya, it rocks the house! With brother Edgar and a band that included future Double Trouble member Tommy Shannon, Winter ran through a selection of bluesy originals that were complimented by covers of Little Richard, and Chuck Berry. The heart of Second Winter, however, was Winter’s raucous reading of Dylan’s "Highway 61 Revisited." In 1969, remember, Bob Dylan was still the ‘Holy Grail’ of rock criticism, and Winter’s reckless, reverent cover of Dylan’s classic tune was embraced as sacred writ rather than blasphemy.

Winter’s covers here are red hot and smoking. "Johnny B. Good" especially features some great honky-tonk piano work and Johnny’s blistering leads. His original material - the last third of the album, really - showed a lot of promise and pointed towards the future, towards both the traditional blues and roots rock-oriented style that Winter would pioneer in the mid-1970s. "I Love Everybody" may be the best song that Stevie Ray Vaughan never wrote while "Hustled Down In Texas" foreshadowed the popularity of ZZ Top by half-a-decade, easy. "I Hate Everybody" is a jazzy shuffle with a big band sound, Winter’s loftiest vocals and axework yet.

The Legacy Edition

The original version of the album closed with "Fast Life Rider," an extended rocker with some taut leads and fiery riffs and an odd, martial-like rhythm signature. This reissue includes two previously unreleased bonus tracks. "Early In The Morning" is a Clapton-styled blooze-rock rave-up that would sound right at home on a southside Chicago stage, and a spry instrumental version of "Tell The Truth" sounds like a Stax studio duel between Steve Cropper and Booker T Jones.

The 2005 Sony "Legacy Edition" of Second Winter includes a second disc, a live 1970 show from the Royal Albert Hall in England, recorded just a few months after the release of Second Winter. The oft-bootlegged performance has been long prized by Winter’s fans, featuring a hard rockin’ song selection that includes Winter’s version of "Johnny B. Goode" from Second Winter. The entire performance smokes, however, and includes a lot of new material, including an incredible guitar-driven version of "Black Cat Bone," a down-and-dirty reading of John Loudermilk’s Southern Gothic classic "Tobacco Road" and an early performance of brother Edgar’s big hit "Frankenstein." The bonus disc provides over an hour of live electric Johnny Winter with a clean yet still raw mix and a slew of fine performances from the band.

Within a year of releasing Second Winter, Johnny would put together a new band called Johnny Winter And that included fellow guitarist Rick Derringer. The pair would lead this version of the band through two critically-acclaimed releases, including a fine live album, before evolving again into the band that would release the influential roots rock-influenced Still Alive And Well and Saints & Sinners albums in 1973 and ’74. By the end of the decade, perhaps influenced by his work with blues giant Muddy Waters, Winter would veer away from rock & roll and blues-rock and perform through the 1980s and until the present day as a died-in-the-wool, straight-ahead bluesman.

The handful of inspired blues-rock albums that Johnny Winter made in the early-70s, including Second Winter, would subsequently inform a generation of musicians, including the Fabulous Thunderbirds, ZZ Top, Stevie Ray Vaughan, George Thorogood, and even Eric Clapton. As an introduction to the charm and skills of Johnny Winter, Second Winter ain’t a bad place to start rockin.... (Legacy Recordings, 2005)

Johnny Winter - Second Winter [Full Album] 

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=Q_4u9fyWQC0

Track listing

Side one
"Memory Pain" (Percy Mayfield) – 5:34
"I'm Not Sure" (Johnny Winter) – 5:23
"The Good Love" (Dennis Collins) – 4:43

Side two
"Slippin' and Slidin'" (Eddie Bocage, Albert Collins, Little Richard, James Smith) – 2:47
"Miss Ann" (Enotris Johnson, Little Richard) - 3:41
"Johnny B. Goode" (Chuck Berry) – 2:49
"Highway 61 Revisited" (Bob Dylan) – 5:07

Side three
"I Love Everybody" (Johnny Winter) - 3:43
"Hustled Down in Texas" (Johnny Winter) – 3:32
"I Hate Everybody" (Johnny Winter) – 2:33
"Fast Life Rider" (Johnny Winter) – 7:00

Personnel
Johnny Winter - guitar, mandolin, vocals
Edgar Winter - keyboards, alto saxophone, vocals
Uncle John Turner - percussion
Tommy Shannon - bass
Dennis Collins - bass

Blues Advocate

https://www.facebook.com/BluesAdvocat

Source: http://blues.about.com/od/cddvdreviews/fr/WinterSecond.htm

Professor Longhair, the godfather of New Orleans piano

Ladies and Gentlemen, Professor Longhair

By

Lee Pons

– December 19, 2011Posted in: Blues, Blues Articles, New Orleans Blues, News, Piano Blues

John Bonham of Led Zeppelin with Professor Longhair, Photo by Sidney Smith

Today is the birthday of the funky, enigmatic, and wildly talented Professor Longhair, who’s outstanding life and music have touched millions for generations.
Lovingly known far and wide as the “Fess”, the godfather of New Orleans piano, Professor Longhair was born Henry Byrd on Dec 19th, 1918 in Bogalusa, Louisiana. The family moved to New Orleans shorty after his birth and, though he did get music lessons from his mother, he would say that his first musical instruments where the bottoms of his feet! As a child, he used to tap dance on street corners of the French Quarter for spare change.
Byrd didn’t get any real serious interest in music until he was in his late teens. He was a member of a dance troupe when he had to fill in for the drummer one night (no one knew he could play the drums — not even him!). Tuts Washington, the piano player in that group, told Byrd he should continue with the drums, which he did. Pretty soon he got tried of having to lug a drum set around, and switched to the piano. Tuts acted as one of Byrd’s early mentors on the piano. Fess also got encouragement from Sullivan Rock who taught him how to play the standard “Pinetop’s Boogie Woogie”.

The Birth of Fess

One of Byrd’s strongest influences came from working with a government road crew. The job’s tenure was for 6 months, and involved a good amount of traveling. During these travels, he was exposed to a variety of Latin and Caribbean band music. Drawn by the rhythmic interplay of the music, Fess soon incorporated the unique syncopations into his own playing style, by blending them with blues and barrellhouse piano. This “Rumba Boogie” as he would later call it, would turn out to have an immeasurable impact on New Orleans music, and in Piano Blues music as a whole.
In 1942, Byrd was inducted into the army, and left 2 years later on a medical discharge. Afterward, he spent spend the next few years working as a cook or as a professional card player. Gambling would always be his “second profession”, as he would say, and he became well known in New Orleans as an amazing card shark. In the mean time, he would play occasional gigs as a piano player, but he wasn’t noticed as a musician until 1948, when, during another band’s break, he played a few songs on the piano at a club. He caused such a hoopla with the patrons that the owner of the club fired the band and hired Byrd, right then and there! It was at this club that he would be given his nickname, Professor Longhair, because of the ponytail he sported at the time. His accompanying band was known as the Three Hair Combo, Featuring Professor Longhair, Professor Shorthair, and Professor Nohair.

A Recording Career in 88 Keys

A recording boom was happening in New Orleans at the time, and Byrd jumped right in, recording 4 songs in 1949 for a small label. Because the session didn’t meet union regulations, the songs where never released. Byrd didn’t seem to mind, however, as he was being courted by a number of labels who had learned about the piano wizard down in New Orleans. Toward the end of 1950, he would record what where to become two of his most famous songs, “Baldhead” (which made it to #5 on the R&B charts), and “Mardi Gras in New Orleans” which would become a perennial favorite and the official unofficial theme song of Mardi Gras!
During the 1950′s Byrd continued to record, and would create his signature piece, “Tipitina”. Outside of New Orleans, Longhair wasn’t enjoying much success. One of the reasons was because he frequently changed labels and monikers, billing himself as Professor Longhair on one label, Roy Byrd, Roeland Byrd, or Robert Byrd on others. At each label, of course, he signed an exclusive recording contract — something John Lee Hooker would also do! His Band would also change names as well, using titles like The Blues Scholars, The Blues Jumpers, and even this great idea for a band name; The Shuffling Hungarians!! But no matter what name he used, or what band he had, everyone in New Orleans knew who he was, and most simply called him “Fess”!
Fess had a stroke in 1954, and was unable to play for a number of months. He would record a few sessons as a sideman in 1955, but it wasn’t until 1957 that he would record again as a leader. He recorded the locally popular “No Buts, No Maybes”, but played few shows and soon faded from the public eye.

Won’t Bow. Don’t Know How. 

In 1964 he recorded “Big Chief”, which was penned by the well known songwriter Earl King. “Big Chief” was and continues to be a tribute to the magical Mardis Gras Indians, who make new elaborate and ornate suits of beads every year and parade through the streets on Mardis Gras Night with a fascinating hierarchal “indian tribe”. Fess made the song into his own with an instantly identifiable riff, telltale whistle, and backed by an all-star band, which included members of The Meters and his one-time student Mac Rebennack, better known as Dr John, on guitar! With a stunning horn arrangement and one of Fess’ most unique and memorable piano licks, the song became a New Orleans anthem. The record didn’t sell fantastically, but Fess’ spirit was lifted, and he slowly began playing at local clubs and private parties again.
Fess’ story would have probably ended here had it not been for 2 New Orleans music aficionados, Quint Davis, and Allison Minor, who where instrumental in launching the New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival in the early 1970′s.
They only knew about Fess from his recordings, but where determined to find him and include him in the festival. It took them nearly a year, but they found the dynamic musician working at a record shop sweeping floors. What they found was not at all what they where hoping for. Fess was in bad shape; living in poverty, with weak knees, unable to eat, walk, or use the bathroom without help. Davis and Minor nursed Fess back to health and, still weak, the piano master somehow managed to take the stage at the 1971 festival.
Then, in a story etched in the halls of live music fame, it happened…. Before everyone’s eyes, right there on the stage, a Phoenix was reborn! Backed by bluesman Snooks Eaglin, after years of anonymity and virtual poverty, the career and life of Professor Longhair made a major turn. He gave a exhilarating performance that literally bought the rest of the festival to a stand-still! Everyone there, the musicians, the vendors, the audience, stopped and witnessed the return of Professor Longhair. Suddenly, with a single performance, Fess found himself revered by a whole new generations of fans.
Davis assumed the role of  manager and Fess started rebuilding his career. He began playing local clubs and a demo tape won him a European tour with The Meters. Fess recorded several songs, but they wheren’t released until much later. Actually, the only “new” Professor Longhair album was  just a collection of his recordings for Atlantic Records from 1949 and 1953, but the original disks had become prized collector’s items, and it sold well, boosting Fess’ career.
Tragedy struck in 1974, when a fire broke out and destroyed the house that was Fess’ Family home and rehearsal space. Thankfully no one was hurt, but Fess lost everything he had. The house was uninsured and he was left with nothing. As it so often does, the New Orleans music community rushed to his aid with benefit concerts, and recording session time was arranged to help him. Out of those recordings came what is widely regarded as one of the best albums of the mid 70′s; Rock and Roll Gumbo.
In 1976, Fess gained further attention when Paul McCartney hired him to play at a private party that the famous Beatle was having on the Queen Mary. Fess had no idea who Paul McCartney was, but he took the job, and the performance was recorded and released as Fess’ next album. In 1977, a venue in the New Orleans French Quarter called the 501 Club was reopened. It’s specific purpose was to give Fess a regular place to play. They renamed it “Tipitina’s”.  By the end of 1978, for the first time in his life, the good professor was living comfortably from his music.

“Give Him the Graveyard, that is, if he Dies”
Junko Partner, 1972

In 1979, along with Allen Toussaint and Tuts Washington, Fess took part in a film documentary called “Piano Players Rarely Ever Play Together”, and signed a contract with Chicago’s famed blues label Alligator Records. Supported by a crack team of New Orleans musicians (including Dr John, in a now rare appearance on guitar,) he recorded what many believe was the best album of his career, Crawfish Fiesta. Those who knew Fess say he was more proud of this recording then any other he did. The album, recorded at Allen Toussaint’s Sea Saint Studio and produced by Alligator founder Bruce Iglauer, earned great accolades, was critically praised, and won the Handy Award (later renamed the Blues Music Award) for Best Album of the Year from the Blues Foundation. Sadly, Fess never saw the great success of Fiesta, or even it’s release. The piano genius suffered a heart attack and died in his home on January 30, 1980 — the night before the album’s release.
In a city known worldwide for it’s lavish funerals, Fess’ was something unforgettable. In 40 degree weather — bitingly cold by New Orleans standards –hundreds of friends, loved ones, and fans waited for hours before the 10am service. The funeral procession stretched 10 blocks, and included such New Orleans legends as Allen Toussaint and Ernie K-Doe, who gave the eulogy. The Dejan’s Olympia Brass Band played and the mourners second-lined in the streets as a city said goodbye to the man who’s music was, and still by and large is, the very essence of the City of New Orleans.
Even 40 years after his triumphant return at the New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival, the spirit of Professor Longhair still flows thru the streets of New Orleans. Professor Longhair, who along with no other except for Louis Armstrong, is a patriarch of the Crescent City Rhythms, and the Big Easy Blues. He set the standard for a long, rich line of New Orleans pianists, and changed music forever.

Albert King - Born Under A Bad Sign (1967) / Stax - 1967

Thanks to the Blues Advocate for this

 

https://www.facebook.com/BluesAdvocate

Album Review: Albert King – "Born Under A Bad Sign" / Stax - 1967

“He can take four notes and write a volume,” guitarist Mike Bloomfield once said of Albert King. His minimalist blues styling is in a perfect setting here, backed by the Memphis Horns, Booker T. & The MG’s, and many other Stax/Volt luminaries.

More a collection of singles than a proper album, "Born Under A Bad Sign' influenced a who’s who of rock, including Clapton, Hendrix, Peter Green, and others. More importantly, it fused soul, R&B and the Blues into a stout mixture that would reinvigorate interest in a sagging genre and ensure that King would be forever (and rightly) known as a Blues legend and one of the most influential musicians of all-time.

It's true that Albert King recorded a lot in the early '60s, including some classic sides, but they never quite hit the mark. They never gained a large audience, nor did they really capture the ferocity of his single-string leads. Then he signed with Stax in 1966 and recorded a number of sessions with the house band, Booker T. & the MG's, and everything just clicked.

The MG's gave King supple Southern support, providing an excellent contrast to his tightly wound lead guitar, allowing to him to unleash a torrent of blistering guitar runs that were profoundly influential, not just in blues, but in rock & roll (witness Eric Clapton's unabashed copping of King throughout Cream's Disraeli Gears). Initially, these sessions were just released as singles, but they were soon compiled as King's Stax debut, Born Under a Bad Sign.

Certainly, the concentration of singles gives the album a consistency -- these were songs devised to get attention -- but, years later, it's astounding how strong this catalog of songs is: "Born Under a Bad Sign," "Crosscut Saw," "Oh Pretty Woman," "The Hunter," "Personal Manager," and "Laundromat Blues" form the very foundation of Albert King's musical identity and legacy.

Few blues albums are this on a cut-by-cut level; the songs are exceptional and the performances are rich, from King's dynamic playing to the Southern funk of The MG's. It was immediately influential at the time and, over the years, it has only grown in stature as one of the very greatest electric blues albums of all time.

Albert King - Born Under A Bad Sign (1967)

0:00 Born Under A Bad Sign
2:48 Crosscut Saw
5:23 Kansas City
7:56 Oh, Pretty Woman
10:46 Down Don't Bother Me
12:57 The Hunter
15:43 I Almost Lost My Mind
19:13 Personal Manager
23:45 Laundromat Blues
27:07 As The Years Go Passing By
30:55 The Very Thought Of You

 

Source: http://www.allmusic.com/album/born-under-a-bad-sign-mw0000095360

GUILLERMO CALENS (William Collins), age 40; a native of Oxford. He was a seaman on board the "Jesus of Lubeck",

http://ia700301.us.archive.org/35/items/MN42000ucmf_3/MN42000ucmf_3.pdf



http://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~markfreeman/hawkins.html

Collins family ties to Sir Francis Drake's Family and Portuguese

 compiled by

Joseph Newman
 

  William2 Hawkins (John1) was born Bef. 1490 in prob. Plymouth, Devonshire, England, and died 1554. He married Joan Towne Trelawney, daughter of Roger Trelawney. She was born Abt. 1500 in Launceton, Cornwall, England, and died in England.

    Children of William Hawkins and Joan Trelawney are:

    + 2 i. William3 Hawkins, born Bef. 1530; died 07 Oct 1589.

    + 3 ii. Sir John (Sir) Hawkins, born 1532 in Plymouth, Devon, England; died 12 Nov 1595 in At Sea off Puerto Rico.

    William3 Hawkins (William2, John1) was born Bef. 1530, and died 07 Oct 1589. He married (1) [Unknown] Bef. 1565. He married (2) Mary 'Marie' Halse Bef. 1581, daughter of John Halse and Joan Tothill. She was born in of Kenedon.

    Notes for William Hawkins:

    Mayor of Plymouth, 1567-8, 1578-9, 1587-8, commanded the "Griffin" in the fight against the Spanish Armada.

    Sir John Hawkins erected a monument to the memory of his brother in St. Nicholas Church, Deptford, which was in existence in Thorpe's time (it is now removed), with this inscription: "Sacr~ perpetuaeque memoriae Gulielmi Hawkyns de Plimouth arm igeri; qui verae religionis verus cultor, pauperibus praecipue navicularus inunifleus, rerum nauticarum studiosissimus, longinquas instituit saepe navigationes: arbiter in causis difficilissimis aequissimus, fide, probitate, et prudentia siugulari. Duos duzit uxores, e quarum una 4 ex altera 7 suscepit liberos. Johannes Hawkyns eques auratus, classis regiae quaestor, frater maestissimus posuit. Objit spe certa resurgendi 7 die mensis Octobris anno domini 1589."

    The following is a translation:

    "To the ever living memory of William Hawkyns of Plymouth esquire; who was a worshipper of the true religion; a munificent benefactor to poor mariners; skilled in navigation; oftentimes undertaking long voyages; a just arbiter in difficult cases; and a man of singular faith, probity, and prudence. He had two wives, four children by one, and seven by the other. John Hawkins, Knight, Treasurer of the Queen's Navy, his brother, most sorrowfully erected this. He died in the sure and certain hope of resurrection, on the 7th day of October, in the year of our Lord 1589."

    "Will of William Hawkins

    I WILLIAM HAWKINS of Plimouth Esq. 6th Oct. 1589

    My body to be buried in place & sort as my brother Sr John Hawkins Knt. & my wife Marie Hawkins shall think most convenient

    Concerning my said wife & the children I have now living as well by her as by my former wife, & all my lands I dispose of them as follows -an annuity of £40 to William Hawkins my eldest son for life out of my lands in Plimouth

    I give all my lands so charged & all my other lands whatsoever to my wife Marie for life, with remainder to Richard Hawkins my eldest son by the said Marie, & to his heirs male, with remainder respectively in

    tail mail to Francis my 2"d, Nicholas, my 3,d, William my 4th son &~my own right heirs for ever

    To Judith Whitakers one of my daughters "all that my bargayne of Hindwell"

    To William Whitakers her eldest son, my grandchild £10 & to every of her other children £5.

    To Clare Michaell my daughter £40

    [Several legacies to servants.]

    All the rest of my goods to be divided into 3 equal parts, one 3rd part to be divided among all my Children by my wife Marie, another 3rd part to my wife Marie, & the remaining one to my brother Sir John Hawkins

    I constitute my wife my sole Executrix, and my brother Sir John Hawkins & Anthony Halse gent. my brother in law my Supervisors

    Read, signed & sealed in the presence of Edward Combes, Robert Peterson, W~' Hales, Thos. Nun, James Finche, Ric. Wood, Ric. Hawkins, Ric. Collyns (Collins), Charles Fenton.

    Proved in London 20th Oct. 1589 by Marie the relict. [Leicester, 78.]

    

  3. Sir John (Sir)3 Hawkins (William2, John1) was born 1532 in Plymouth, Devon, England, and died 12 Nov 1595 in At Sea off Puerto Rico. He married (1) Katherine Gonson Abt. 1559, daughter of Benjamin Gonson and Ursula Hussey. She was born Abt. 1540, and died 1591 in Plymouth, Devon, England. He married (2) Margaret Vaughan Aft. 1591, daughter of Charles Vaughan and Elizabeth Baskerville. She was born Abt. 1540 in England, and died Aft. 23 Apr 1619 in England.

    Notes for Sir John (Sir) Hawkins:

    Kinsman, probably cousin of Sir Francis Drake. Leader of ships against Armada. Many good articles and web sites on this man and his son, Sir Richard Hawkins. Also spelled Hawkyns.

    A Trelawney ancestor of Sir John Hawkins had the name Matilda Mynwenyke and was described in the Visitation of Cornwall. The mother of Sir Francis Drake was probably named Mylwaye. Could this be the common name? If so they may be fourth cousins, or more distant.

    "Hawkins also spelled HAWKYNS English naval administrator and commander, one of the foremost seamen of 16th-century England and the chief architect of the Elizabethan navy.

    "A kinsman of Sir Francis Drake, Hawkins began his career as a merchant in the African trade and soon became the first English slave trader. By carrying slaves from Guinea, in West Africa, to the Spanish West Indies, he provoked conflict with the Spaniards, who did not allow unauthorized foreigners to trade with their colonies. Hawkins' first slave-trading voyage, in 1562-63, on behalf of a syndicate of London merchants, was so profitable that a more prestigious group, including Queen Elizabeth I, provided the money for a second expedition (1564-65). His third voyage, with Drake in 1567-69, however, ended in disaster. After selling the slaves in the Caribbean, Hawkins was forced by needed repairs and lack of water to take refuge at San Juan de Ulua, near Veracruz, Mex. A Spanish fleet attacked him in the harbour, and, of the six ships, only the two commanded by Hawkins and Drake were able to escape. This episode marked the beginning of the long quarrel between England and Spain that eventually led to open war in 1585.

    "Hawkins soon avenged himself; by gaining the confidence of Spain's ambassador to England, he learned the details of a conspiracy (the so-called Ridolfi plot of 1571) in which English Roman Catholics, with Spanish assistance, were to depose Queen Elizabeth and install Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, on the English throne. Hawkins notified his government, and the English plotters involved were arrested.

    "In 1577 Hawkins succeeded his father-in-law, Benjamin Gonson, as treasurer of the navy; later (1589) he was to assume the additional duties of controller. His high naval post enabled him to direct the rebuilding of the older galleons and to contribute to the design of faster, more heavily armed ships. It was this new, swift-sailing navy that withstood the Spanish Armada in 1588. Hawkins was third in command during the Armada crisis (during which he was knighted), and afterward he devised the strategy--quite original for that period--of setting up a naval blockade at the Azores to intercept Spanish treasure ships returning from the New World.

    "In 1595 Hawkins and Drake sailed with 27 ships to raid the Spanish West Indies. Hawkins died the night before an unsuccessful attack on Puerto Rico."

     

 AUTO DE FE, 28th FEB. 1574.

    Englishmen and others from the Fleet of Captain

    John Hawkins, who were taken prisoners at San

    fuande Uluaorpnt ashore in the Gulf of Mexico ,

    north of Tampico, in the year 1568. Vol. 52. No. 3. 158 folios. 1572-1585

    6. GUILLERMO CALENS (William Collins), age 40; a native of

    Oxford. He was a seaman on board the "Jesus of Lubeck", and

    on Hawkins's return voyag-e in the "Minion" was among those

    put ashore to the north of Tampico. In Mexico he was known as

    Miguel Cabello because, as he explained to the Inquisitors,

    Calens (or Collins) means "cabello" (hair) in English. He was

    sentenced to ten years at the galleys in Spain. Collins was the

    subject of enquiry by Queen Elizabeth in 1575. (See Calendar of

    State Papers, Spanish, 1568-1579. pp. 491-492.)

http://www.archive.org/stream/MN42000ucmf_3/MN42000ucmf_3_djvu.txt

    

Full text of "An Englishman and the Mexican Inquisition, 1556-1560 [microform] ; being an account of

 

  www.archive.org

  77. Thomas8 Hawkins (Matthew7, John6, John5, William4, William3, William2, John1) was born Bef. 1735, and died Bef. 01 May 1759 in of Lunenburg Co., VA. He married Mary Howard 19 Jan 1753 in Lunenburg Co., VA, daughter of Francis Howard and Diana [Unknown]. She was born Bef. 1739, and died Jan 1787.

    Notes for Thomas Hawkins:

    Thomas Hawkins was a vestryman of Cumberland Parish from 1754-1758. He was a deputy Sheriff under Lyddall Bacon from 1757 to 1759, in which year he died.

    Thomas Hawkins falls ill and makes his will on November 13, 1758. In doing so he names John Clark as a beneficiary of 200 acres on Sandy Creek. There is a Sandy Creek in Pittsylvania County. Halifax County separated from Lunenburg County in 1752 and Pittsylvania County separated form Halifax Co.June 1, 1767. It appears then that the 200 acre tract of land mentioned in the will, was in Halifax Co. in 1758.

    Page 250. Will. I,

    Thomas Hawkins of L, being weak in body To my son Mathew - the plantation I now live on, containing all the lands I bought of William Thomason, James Parish, and John Clarke, except my wife to have her thirds of the same, during her life. To my son John - a plantation in North Carolina on Island Creek.

    To John Clarke - 200 acres on Sandy Creek, when he makes my heir a right to the land I bought of him on the north side of Butchers Creek. The rest of my lands are to be sold, except the child that my wife is with, if a boy, then he should have the land in dispute between Stephen Collins, if I recover it. If not, I leave him 600 acres on Grassey Creek in Carolina. To my wife Mary - 6 Negroes, viz, Great Jemmy, Jack, Phill, Nanny, Bess, and Cate, during her life, and after her death, for my son Mathew to have them. To my son Mathew - Little Jimmy, Lucy, Jude, Little Moll. To my son John - Charles, George, and Little

    Nanny. To my daughter Sarah - Will, Laurence, and Soockey. To the child my wife is big with now - Tim, Frank, and Kezee. To John Petter - 30 £, to collect in my Sheriff's arrears. Executors - my brother Pink. Hawkins and my wife Mary.

    Signed Nov 14, 1758

    - Thomas Hawkins.

    Witnesses - Joseph Dobson, Joseph Rudd (X his mark), Mathew Turner, Martha Jarrot, Jacob Coleson (I his mark).

 146. Joseph9 Hawkins (John H.8, [Unknown]7, [Unknown]6, John Sidney5, Richard (Sir)4, John (Sir)3, William2, John1) was born Abt. 1712, and died Abt. 30 Mar 1769 in Hanover Co., VA. He 146. Joseph9 Hawkins (John H.8, [Unknown]7, [Unknown]6, John Sidney5, Richard (Sir)4, John (Sir)3, William2, John1) was born Abt. 1712, and died Abt. 30 Mar 1769 in Hanover Co., VA. He married Jane Nicholas 1737 in Essex Co., VA. She was born Bef. 1718, and died Bef. Jan 1790 in Richmond, VA.

    Children of Joseph Hawkins and Jane Nicholas are:

    + 241 i. John10 Hawkins, born 14 Feb 1732/33 in Prob. VA; died 19 Dec 1786 in Orange Co., NC.

    242 ii. Joseph Hawkins, born Bef. 1754. He married Margaret [Unknown].

   

Notes for Joseph Hawkins:

   19 Apr 1775 Deed book J. Spotsylvania Co., VA - Joseph Hawkins of Spotsylvania CO. and Margaret, his wife, to Wm. Plummer THurston of sd. Co. L500 curr. 755a. in Spots Co. Provided, that the title of Jane Hawkins to that part of the above land left her during her natural life by the will of her late husband, Joseph Hawkins, decd., shall not be affected, etc. Witnesses, Beverley WInslow, Wm. Parker, Nichola Taliaferro, John Hawkins, Jr.; John Alcock, Wm. Forson. 15 Jun 1775.

    29 Apr 1775. Joseph Hawkins and Margaret, his wife, of Berkeley Par., Spts. Co. to John Edwards of same par. and Co. L25. 100 a on Plentiful Run, Par. and Co. afsd. Edwd. Collins, John Coleman, Robt. Hutcherson, Beverley WInslow, Thos. Allen, Richd. Allen. 17 Aug 1775.

    243 iii. Lucy Hawkins.

    244 iv. Sarah Hawkins.

    + 245 v. Mildred Hawkins.

 153. Nathan9 Hawkins (Nicholas8, [Unknown]7, [Unknown]6, John Sidney5, Richard (Sir)4, John (Sir)3, William2, John1) was born Bet. 1716 - 1723 in VA, and died Bef. 04 Nov 1794 in Madison Co., KY. He married (1) Ann Hayden Aft. 1731, daughter of Jarvis Hayden. He married (2) Catherine [Unknown] Aft. 1750.

    Notes for Nathan Hawkins:

    Deposition of Nathan Hawkins, Madison Co., KY Deed Book A, p. 82.

    Deposition of Nathan Hawkins, aged 74, taken before George Adams and Joseph Kennedy, Justices of the Peace; was present about thirty-one or thirty-two years ago in Spotsylvania County, Virginia when John Hawkins married Elizabeth Ellis, daughter of William Ellis, of Spotsylvania. William told John that for his marrying his daughter, he would buy and give him (John) two good negroes and he should have equal share with his other children at his death ; after they were married two negro girls came to the door and Mr. Ellis informed John he might have his choice. Mrs. Ellis answered No, she would not part with either of the girls; she intended one for a milkmaid and the other for a washmaid, but that he might have Millie, a young gir. John, after some conversation, said it was very little odd which of the girls he had; although she was the smallest she might soon grow up. Upon which Mr. Ellis gave John Hawkins the girl, and about four days after Millie was moved to John Hawkins' and there remained until after the decease of said Hawkins. In the administration of his estate Millie was appraised in said estate and the relict had her thirds allotted to her; that her father, Mr. Ellis, wished Millie not to be included in the appraisal but the widow excepted against it and said Millie was John Hawkins' and should be in the appraisal and his children should not be wronged, and her father agreed to it.

    Mr. Ellis was appointed Guardian and hired Millie with the other negroes for the benefit of the orphans. Some time after the widow married Robert Collins who brought suit against heirs of said Hawkins for siad Millie but how it came out of the Court this deponent knoweth not. The matter was submitted to arbitration of Joseph Brook, Edward Hardin and Thomas Colson, Justices of the Peace for Spotsylvania County, and the award was in favor of the orphans; but depondent further sayeth, Robert Collins said in his hearing he would give his bond to stand to the award, and further sayeth not. (Dated) July 42, 1790; Witnesses ...

 158. John9 Hawkins (Nicholas8, [Unknown]7, [Unknown]6, John Sidney5, Richard (Sir)4, John (Sir)3, William2, John1) was born Abt. 1732, and died 1764 in Spotsylvania Co., VA. He married Elizabeth Ellis Abt. 1758, daughter of William Ellis and Lucy Ferguson. She was born Aft. 1735, and died Abt. 1784.

    Notes for John Hawkins:

    1 Jan 1759 John Hawkins of St. Geo. Par., Spts. Co., to his mother, Elizabeth Hawkins, L19 curr. A negro slave. Witnesses: Nathan Hawkins, Randle MacDaniel, William Smith. Recorded 3 Jul 1769.

    Notes for Elizabeth Ellis:

    Elizabeth married 2nd Robert Collins. Robert and Elizabeth gave a deed, 25 Sep 1772, for land held in right of her dower, 1/3 of a tract belonging to John Hawkins, dec'd. Spotsylvania Co. records.

    Elizabeth's father was William Ellis of Gloucester and Spotsylvania; her mother was Elizabeth (according to one source) or Lucy Ferguson (according to another).

    Deed book K. 28 Sep 1784, Spotsylvania Co., VA

    William Gosney and Elizabeth, his sife; Thomas Jones and Ann, his wife, Benja. Haley and Agatha, his wife, of Frederick Co. to Clement Montague, Sr. of Spots. Co., L400 curr., 325a in Spots. CO., being the land devised of Nicholas Hawkins to his son, John Hawkins, descended to his three daughters, Elizabeth, who intermarried with Wm. Gosney; ANn, with THomas Jones, and Agatha with Benja. Haley, etc., except 190a of said land apart to Elizabeth, widow of sd. Jno. Hawkins, decd., who has since intermarried with Robt. Collins, who sold the sd. 190 a to John Waller, K. W., for the lifetime of the sd. Elizabeth, then to revert to the sd. Montague, etc. Witnesses, Sam Clagett, Jr.; Anth. Bartlet, Clement Montague, Ann Haley.

 199. William Eaton10 Hawkins, Jr. (William Eaton9, Joshua8, Michael7, Edward6, John5, William4, William3, William2, John1) was born 12 Feb 1794 in Greenville Co., SC, and died 14 Feb 1851 in Crawford Co., MO. He married (1) Pamelia Carr Duncan. She was born 12 Mar 1796. He married (2) Hannah Doty.

Notes for William Eaton Hawkins, Jr.:

He may be the son of John Hawkins b 1758 and Catherine, and grandson of Joshua Hawkins. This family moved from Greenville, South Carolina to Phelps County Missouri in 1822.

Children of William Hawkins and Pamelia Duncan are:

+ 429 i. Lemuel Berry11 Hawkins, born 29 Oct 1816; died Bet. 1870 - 1880.

430 ii. Perry Eaton Hawkins, born 04 Sep 1819; died 12 Nov 1871. He married Joan Ann Martin 02 Sep 1841.

+ 431 iii. Wilbert Ashley Hawkins, born 28 Jan 1821 in Greenville Co., SC; died Abt. 1875 in Hall Co., GA.

+ 432 iv. Elbert Emberson Hawkins, born 24 Dec 1822; died 1861.

433 v. William Riley Hawkins, born 09 Jul 1826. He married (1) Catherine Sanders 25 Feb 1852; born Aft. 1826. He married (2) Julia Ann Wright Aft. 1853.

434 vi. Robert Duncan Hawkins, born 30 Jun 1828. He married Mary Elizabeth Collins 28 Nov 1849.

435 vii. Harry Hamilton Hawkins, born 12 May 1830.

436 viii. Terisa Missouri Carr Hawkins, born 23 Jan 1833. She married George Fisher 15 Jan 1852.

437 ix. James Elias Lafayette Hawkins, born 31 Mar 1835.

438 x. Permelia Cardina Hawkins, born 13 Jan 1838. She married Martin Thrailkill 30 Sep 1885.

439 xi. Roena Millicent Hawkins, born 23 Feb 1839; died 12 Jul 1873    

 2688. Mary13 Cook (Frances12 Wilcoxson, Sarah11 Faulconer, Joyce "Jossie"10 Craig, Mary9 Hawkins, John H.8, [Unknown]7, [Unknown]6, John Sidney5, Richard (Sir)4, John (Sir)3, William2, John1) was born Abt. 1810 in KY, and died 1880 in Anderson Co., KY. She married David W. Montfort 24 Sep 1832 in Shelby Co., KY, son of Francis Montfort and Geertjie Montfort. He was born 12 Dec 1806 in Shelby or Henry Co., KY.

   

Children of Mary Cook and David Montfort are:

    4082 i. James Francis14 Montfort, born 1833.

    4083 ii. Lorinda "Laura" Montfort, born 25 Apr 1835 in Anderson Co., KY; died 06 Feb 1893. She married Judge James M. Posey 11 Sep 1855 in Anderson Co., KY.

    4084 iii. Israel Christopher Montfort, born Aft. 1835; died Abt. 1921 in Louisville, KY. He married Kate E. [Unknown] Abt. 1864 in Fayette Co., KY.

    4085 iv. Martha Jane "Jennie" Montfort, born 1843 in Anderson Co., KY; died 1927 in Anderson Co., KY. She married (1) J. W. Satterwhite 1865. She married (2) Seren Jensen Bef. 1884; born in Aarhus, Denmark.

    4086 v. William Berry Montfort, born 17 Oct 1846 in Ohio Co., KY; died 31 Oct 1939 in Oklahoma City, OK. He married (1) Dorah Munday 13 Apr 1870 in Anderson Co., KY; died Bef. 1880. He married (2) Affair Allen Collins Aft. 1880.

    4087 vi. Nancy Elizabeth Montfort, born 16 Nov 1852 in Anderson Co., KY; died 10 Feb 1901. She married Zack W. Taylor; born in of Shelby Co., KY; died 1892.

 2735. Margaret Ann13 Craig (John H.12, Elijah11, Lewis10, Mary9 Hawkins, John H.8, [Unknown]7, [Unknown]6, John Sidney5, Richard (Sir)4, John (Sir)3, William2, John1) She married James Collins.

    Child of Margaret Craig and James Collins is:

    4147 i. Thomas14 Collins.

    

 77. Thomas8 Hawkins (Matthew7, John6, John5, William4, William3, William2, John1) was born Bef. 1735, and died Bef. 01 May 1759 in of Lunenburg Co., VA. He married Mary Howard 19 Jan 1753 in Lunenburg Co., VA, daughter of Francis Howard and Diana [Unknown]. She was born Bef. 1739, and died Jan 1787.

    Children of Thomas Hawkins and Mary Howard are:

    103 i. Mathew9 Hawkins, died Bef. Feb 1787 in Granville Co., NC.

    + 104 ii. John Hawkins, died 1788 in Rutherford Co., NC.

    + 105 iii. Sarah Hawkins.

    106 iv. Pinkethman Hawkins, born Abt. 1759.

    

      Susannah COLLINS was born 27 Feb 1738 in Rutherford Co, NC., and died 01 May 1832 in Rutherford Co. She married William DOBBINS on 1763 in Granville County, North Carolina.

    Children of Susannah COLLINS and William DOBBINS are:

    James Ballard DOBBINS, b. 1762, Granville, North Carolina, d. 28 Mar 1843, Cleveland, NC1.

    William DOBBINS, Jr., b. 1765, Granville, NC1, d. 24 Mar 1852, Carroll, OH1.

    Mary (Molly) DOBBINS, b. 1767, York, SC1, d. 14 Oct 1854, New Pleasant Church, Stateline, SC1.

    +Frances (Fanny) DOBBINS, b. 1765, Granville, North Carolina1, 1, d. 1863, Rutherford, North Carolina1, 1.

    +Reverand Drury DOBBINS, b. 14 Apr 1776, Spartanburg District, SC1, d. 19 May 1847, Rutherford, NC1.

    Susannah DOBBINS, b. 27 Feb 1783, York, SC1.

    Drucilla DOBBINS, b. 30 Mar 1783, York District, S1, d. 18701.

    Jonathan Dobbins, b. Abt. 1773, York Dist., SC, d. Aft. 1870, Rutherford County, NC.

    Ezekiel Dobbins, b. Bet. 1775 - 1784, York District, South Carolina, d. 03 Nov 1857, Spartanburg Co., SC.

    

 143. Col. Philemon9 Hawkins II (Philemon8, [Unknown]7, [Unknown]6, John Sidney5, Richard (Sir)4, John (Sir)3, William2, John1) was born 28 Sep 1717 in Near Chickahominy River, Todd's Bridge, Charles City Co., VA, and died 10 Sep 1801 in Pleasant Hill, Warren Co., NC. He married Delia Martin 1743 in Brunswick Co., VA, daughter of Zachariah Martin. She was born 15 Dec 1721 in Brunswick Co., VA, and died 20 Aug 1794 in Raleigh, Wake, NC.

    Notes for Col. Philemon Hawkins II:

    1757 for several terms High Sheriff of Granville Co., NC

    1776 member of the Continental Congress at Halifax, NC

    He raised and commanded a battalion of cavalry.

    144. John D.9 Hawkins (Philemon8, [Unknown]7, [Unknown]6, John Sidney5, Richard (Sir)4, John (Sir)3, William2, John1) was born 08 Apr 1720 in Gloucester Co., VA or Charles City Co., VA. He married Mary Wyatt Abt. 1744 in Probably Bute Co., NC, daughter of Henry Wyatt and Mary Wynne. She was born 20 Sep 1726 in Caroline Co., VA.

    Children of John Hawkins and Mary Wyatt are:

    + 237 i. Mary10 Hawkins, born 1746; died Sep 1830 in Oglethorpe, GA.

    + 238 ii. Philemon Hawkins V, born Aft. 1748.

    239 iii. Wyatt Hawkins, born Abt. 1752; died Aft. 1782. He married Frances Burford; born Abt. 1750.

    + 240 iv. Ann Hawkins, born Abt. 1755 in Granville Co., NC.

    230. Col. John10 Hawkins (Philemon9, Philemon8, [Unknown]7, [Unknown]6, John Sidney5, Richard (Sir)4, John (Sir)3, William2, John1) was born 1745 in Bute Co., NC, and died 11 Apr 1808 in Warren Co., NC. He married Sarah 'Sally' Macon 27 Feb 1765 in Bute Co., NC, daughter of Gideon Macon and Priscilla Jones. She was born Abt. 1747 in Macon Manor, Granville Co., NC, and died 1813.

 "In my research I find a small group of Saponi Indians in Granville County, North Carolina (now Vance County) who lived in that region between 1743 and sometime in the 1760’s. In the early 1760’s Indians, as families, began to move out of the Granville County area. Many went south into the region of Cumberland County, North Carolina around Fayetteville and then into present day Robeson County. (These were simply the first Indian settlers in Robeson County. They were later joined by the Hatteras from the coast and Cheraw from South Carolina. Robeson County became a refuge for “loose” Indians and Indian families from all over that region congregated there over the years.) Theses Granville County families who went south into Robeson County were the Chavis’, Locklears, Gibsons, Collins’, Goings’, etc. These are families that we are sure came from the area of Granville County, North Carolina. Some of these families may have been composed of a black or white man with an Indian wife, although there is fairly good evidence that Collins is a Saponi family name. The Gibsons moved on further south from Robeson County so that name is no longer found in Robeson County among the Indians there who are officially now called the Lumbees. A large body of Indians from Granville County very early started moving straight west. In the 1760’s we pick up Collins, Gibson, and Bunch in Orange County, North Carolina which was just immediately to the west of Granville County. These families are listed in the records as Mulattoes. In the Carolinas in the 1700’s and 1800’s Mulatto meant a person with one white parent and one non-white parent, either Indian or black. Thus, by 1760 Indians of this stock were beginning to push west. If one goes west from Orange County there is a little community of people in Rockingham County, North Carolina made up primarily of two family names, Goings and Harris. Harris is found widely among Indian groups in the Carolinas. So it is probable that this was a group of Indians which dropped off here in the main migration west. By 1810 these families were beginning to come together in the present day northern Hancock County, Tennessee and southern Lee County, Virginia on a mountain known as Newman’s Ridge, near Sneedville, Tennessee and Blackwater Virginia. This became the core community of these Granville families in the west by 1810. In this community one finds that Collins, Gibson, Mullins, and Goings are predominate and most numerous family names; other family names are Minor, Odell, Delph, etc. However, on the way west this stream of migration left behind the Goings and Harris families in Rockingham County, North Carolina and the Goings’ in Patrick County, Virginia." Robert K Thomas Cherokee communities of the south

    

 http://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~markfreeman/hawkins.html

     Sir Francis Drake was off the coast of Roanoke Island with a mighty fleet of 23 ships. Richly laden with booty from his attack on the Spanish West Indies and Florida, Drake's fleet anchored next day partly in the port near Roanoke Island (probably Port Ferdinando) and partly in a "wilde roade" at sea 2 miles from the shore. Second in command to Drake

    on this expedition was Capt. Christopher Carleill, Secretary Walsingham's stepson and son-in-law, who had been interested in American exploration since 1574.

    1586 - Sir Francis Drake's West Indian Voyage

    the fleet attacked the Spanish around the Spanish West Indies and Florida

    On returning to England they anchored off the coast of Roanoke Island with a mighty fleet of 23 ships.

    Drake's fleet evacuated the military colony, in their rush many records were lost overboard and three men out foraging were left behind.

    Fortescue, George Captain - ship Bark Bonner, by William Hawkins, ship offered to Lane (Captain George Fortescue, died during voyage) -

    Drake, Francis Sir Commander of the fleet- General and Admiral - ship Elizabeth Bonaventure, the Queen's ship and Drake's flagship

    Hawkins, Richard Captain -- Drake's 1586 West Indian Voyage, stopped at Roanoke

    Hawkins, Sr., William Captain -- withdrew from voyage

    Hawkins, Jr., William Captain -- Drake's 1586 West Indian Voyage, stopped at Roanoke

    Frobisher, Martin Captain Vice Admiral - ship Primrose part-owned by John Hawkins

    Moore, Thomas Captain - ship Francis, owned by Drake, offered to Lane driven out to sea by storm

     

 1586 - SIR BERNARD DRAKE'S VOYAGE TO NEWFOUNDLAND

    Drake intended to lead Sir Walter Ralegh's second squadron to Virginia, but the Queen ordered him to Newfoundland instead.

    Pirate prizes:

    Name unknown Captain - ship Lion of Viana, a Portuguese fishing vessel

    1585 1586 - FIRST EXPEDITION OF SIR RICHARD GRENVILLE,

    WHICH PLANTED THE LANE MILITARY COLONY

    The seven-vessel fleet sailed from Plymouth on 9 April 1585

    Fernandez, Simon - chief pilot and master - ship Tyger the admiral of the fleet

    Cornieles, Alonzo , captain - ship Santa Maria de Vincente

    Lane, Ralfe Master -- 1585-86 Military Colonists, was in charge of the colony

  Simon Fernandez (Portuguese: Simão Fernandes; c.1538–c.1590) was a 16th century Portuguese navigator and sometime pirate who piloted the 1585 and 1587 English expeditions to found colonies on Roanoke island, part of modern-day North Carolina but then known as Virginia. Fernandez trained as a navigator in Spain at the famed Casa de Contratacion in Seville, but later took up arms against the Spanish empire, preying upon Spanish shipping along with fellow pirate John Challice. Charged with piracy in 1577, he was saved from the hangman's noose by Sir Francis Walsingham, becoming a Protestant and a subject of the Queen of England. In 1578 Fernandez entered the service of Sir Humphrey Gilbert and later Sir Walter Raleigh, piloting the failed 1587 expedition to Roanoke, known to history as the "Lost Colony".

    Fernandez was born Simão Fernandes in c.1538 in Terceira in the Portuguese colony of the Azores.

    The Archipelago of the Azores (UK /əˈzɔrz/ ə-ZORZ, US /ˈeɪzɔrz/ AY-zorz; Portuguese: Açores, IPA: [ɐˈsoɾɨʃ]) is composed of nine volcanic islands situated in the North Atlantic Ocean, and is located about 1,500 km (930 mi) west of Lisbon and about 1,900 km (1,200 mi) southeast of Newfoundland. The islands, and their Exclusive Economic Zone, form the Autonomous Region of the Azores, one of the two autonomous regions of Portugal.

 First voyage (1555–1563)

    John Hawkins formed a syndicate of wealthy merchants to invest in trade, including that of slaves. In 1555, he set sail with three ships for the Caribbean via Sierra Leone. They hijacked a Portuguese slave ship and traded the 301 slaves in the Caribbean. Despite having two ships seized by the Spanish authorities, he sold the slaves in Santo Domingo and thus augmented the profit made by his London investors. His voyage caused the Spanish to ban all English ships from trading in their West Indies colonies

    Third voyage (1567–1569)

    His third voyage began in 1567. Hawkins obtained many more slaves, and also augmented his cargo by capturing the Portuguese slave ship Madre de Deus (Mother of God) and its human cargo.

  As relations between England and Spain grew even worse, Queen Elizabeth unleashed Drake on the Spaniards in 1585 and 1586. Drake captured several Spanish cities and inflicted great damage on Spanish morale. Now there was no avoiding formal war. Philip II (1527–1598) began assembling his

    Armada (a fleet of warships) in Portugal, which had been in his possession since 1580.

    Queen Elizabeth appointed Lord Charles Howard of Effingham commander of her fleet and gave Drake, Hawkins, and Martin Frobisher supporting posts. Drake called for a strong blow at Philip's unprepared Armada and received permission to strike. In April 1587 he recklessly sailed into Cadiz and destroyed or captured thirty-seven enemy ships. He then occupied the Portuguese town of Sagres for a time and finally, in the Azores (a group of islands in the North Atlantic), seized a large Portuguese carrack (ship) with a rich cargo bound homeward from Goa.

    Drake met with his first major defeat in 1589, when he commanded the naval expedition sent to take Lisbon, Portugal. Drake did not go to sea again for five years. He concerned himself mainly with Plymouth matters.

   

 This information is more of a box of puzzle pieces ...you just have to organize them and put them together to make a working big picture.....but if put together right. You can get a connection from the Collins family all the way to direct connections with Portugal and Portugal people. It is a work in progress...there also needs to be double checking with the genealogy,  since it was from the Hawkins family genealogist.