Bluesman Charlie Musselwhite by Blues Advocate

Happy Birthday to Bluesman Charlie Musselwhite!

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Charlie Musselwhite (born January 31, 1944) is an American electric blues harmonica player and bandleader, one of the non-black bluesmen who came to prominence in the early 1960s, along with Mike Bloomfield and Paul Butterfield. Though he has often been identified as a "white bluesman", he claims Native American heritage. Musselwhite was reportedly the inspiration for Dan Aykroyd's character in the Blues Brothers.

Childhood
Charles Douglas Musselwhite was born in Kosciusko, Mississippi, United States. He has said that he is of Choctaw descent, and he was born in a region originally inhabited by the Choctaw. However, in a 2005 interview, he said his mother had told him he was actually Cherokee.

His family considered it normal to play music, with his father playing guitar and harmonica, his mother playing piano, and a relative who was a one-man band. At the age of three, Musselwhite moved to Memphis, Tennessee. When he was a teenager, Memphis experienced the period when rockabilly, western swing, and electric blues and other forms of African American music were combining to give birth to rock and roll. The period featured Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Johnny Cash, as well as lesser known musicians such as Gus Cannon, Furry Lewis, Will Shade, and Johnny Burnette. Musselwhite supported himself by digging ditches, laying concrete and running moonshine in a 1950 Lincoln automobile. This environment was Musselwhite's school for music as well as life, and he acquired the nickname "Memphis Charlie."

Career
In true bluesman fashion, Musselwhite then took off in search of the rumored "big-paying factory jobs" up the "Hillbilly Highway", the Highway 51 to Chicago, where he continued his education on the South Side, making the acquaintance of even more legends including Lew Soloff, Muddy Waters, Junior Wells, Sonny Boy Williamson, Buddy Guy, Howlin' Wolf, Little Walter, and Big Walter Horton. Musselwhite immersed himself completely in the musical life, living in the basement of, and occasionally working at Jazz Record Mart (the record store operated by Delmark Records founder Bob Koester) with Big Joe Williams and working as a driver for an exterminator, which allowed him to observe what was happening around the city's clubs and bars. He spent his time hanging out at the Jazz Record Mart at the corner of State and Grand and the nearby bar, Mr. Joe's, with the city's blues musicians, and sitting in with Big Joe Williams and others in the clubs, playing for tips. There he forged a lifelong friendship with John Lee Hooker; though Hooker lived in Detroit, Michigan, the two often visiting each other, and Hooker served as best man at Musselwhite's third marriage. Gradually Musselwhite became well known around town.

In time, Musselwhite led his own blues band, and, after Elektra Records' success with Paul Butterfield, he released the legendary Stand Back! Here Comes Charley Musselwhite's Southside Band album in 1966 on Vanguard Records (as "Charley Musselwhite"), to immediate and great success. He took advantage of the clout this album gave him to move to San Francisco, where, instead of being one of many competing blues acts, he held court as the king of the blues in the exploding counter-cultural music scene, an exotic and gritty figure to the flower children. Musselwhite even convinced Hooker to move out to California.

Since then, Musselwhite has released over 20 albums, as well as guesting on albums by many other musicians, such as Bonnie Raitt's Longing in Their Hearts and The Blind Boys of Alabama's Spirit of the Century, both winners of Grammy awards. He also appeared on Tom Waits' Mule Variations and INXS' Suicide Blonde. He himself has won 14 W. C. Handy Awards and six Grammy nominations, as well as Lifetime Achievement Awards from the Monterey Blues Festival and the San Javier Jazz Festival in San Javier, Spain, and the Mississippi Governor's Award for Excellence in the Arts.

In 1979, Musselwhite recorded The Harmonica According to Charlie Musselwhite in London for Kicking Mule Records, intended to go with an instructional book; the album itself became so popular that it has been released on CD. In June 2008, Blind Pig Records reissued the album on 180-gram vinyl with new cover art.[7]

Unfortunately, Musselwhite, as with many of his peers, fell into alcoholism, and by his own admission[citation needed], he had never been on stage sober until after he stopped drinking entirely in 1987.

In 1990 Musselwhite signed with Alligator Records, a step that led to a resurgence of his career.

In 1998, Musselwhite appeared in the film Blues Brothers 2000. He provided the harmonica position in the super-ensemble The Louisiana Gator Boys, which also featured many other rhythm and blues legends such as B.B. King, Bo Diddley, Eric Clapton, Koko Taylor, Jimmie Vaughan, Dr. John, and Jack DeJohnette.

Over the years, Musselwhite has branched out in style. His 1999 recording, Continental Drifter, is accompanied by Cuarteto Patria, from Cuba's Santiago region, the Cuban music analog of the Mississippi Delta. Because of the political differences between Cuba and the United States, the album was recorded in Bergen, Norway, with Musselwhite's wife ironing out all the details.

Musselwhite believes the key to his musical success was finding a style where he could express himself. He has said, "I only know one tune, and I play it faster or slower, or I change the key, but it’s just the one tune I’ve ever played in my life. It’s all I know."[8]

His past two albums, Sanctuary and Delta Hardware have both been released on Real World Records.

Musselwhite plays on Tom Waits' 1999 album Mule Variations. He can be heard at the beginning of the song "Chocolate Jesus" saying "I love it". Waits has mentioned that he feels this is his favorite part of the song.

In 2002, he featured on the Bo Diddley tribute album Hey Bo Diddley - A Tribute!, performing the song "Hey Bo Diddley".

Musselwhite lost both of his elderly parents in December 2005, in separate incidents. His mother, Ruth Maxine Musselwhite, was murdered.

Musselwhite joined the 10th annual Independent Music Awards judging panel to assist independent musicians' careers. He was also a judge for the 7th and 9th Independent Music Awards.

Charlie Musselwhite was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame in 2010, and has produced an album with Ben Harper, set for release in February, 2013.

Discography

1967 Stand Back! Here Comes Charley Musselwhite's Southside Band (Vanguard)
1968 Louisiana Fog (Cherry Red Records)
1968 Stone Blues (Vanguard)
1969 Tennessee Woman (Vanguard)
1969 Memphis Charlie (Arhoolie)
1970 Memphis, Tennessee (MCA)
1971 Takin' My Time (Arhoolie)
1974 Goin' Back Down South (Arhoolie)
1975 Leave the Blues to Us (Capitol)
1978 Times Gettin' Tougher Than Tough (Crystal Clear)
1978 Harmonica According to Charlie Musselwhite (Kicking Mule)
1984 Where Have All the Good Times Gone? (Blue Rock'It)
1986 Mellow-Dee (CrossCut)
1990 Ace of Harps (Alligator)
1991 Signature (Alligator)
1993 In My Time (Alligator)
1997 Rough News (Virgin)
1999 Continental Drifter (Virgin)
2000 Up & Down the Highway Live: 1986 (Indigo)
2002 One Night in America (Telarc)
2003 Darkest Hour (Henrietta)
2004 Sanctuary (Real World)
2006 Delta Hardware (Narada)
2007 Black Snake Moan Original Soundtrack (New West)
2008 Rough Dried - Live at the Triple Door (Henrietta)
2010 The Well (Alligator)

Drowning Creek Pee Dee River Petition with Collins

Inquiry by:Scott Preston Collins
compiled by Joanne Pezzullo

PEE DEE Petition

Drowning Creek Pee Dee River Petition with Collins

This is information that needs to be looked at and carefully followed in the records because if these Collins that are listed are the same or from the same family then we would have a direct record of their stay in the Catawba nation at the Pee Dee River settlement on Drowning Creek. Is it possible to link the George Collins with the George Collins that arrived in 1767 in Montgomery County at the Peach Bottom Lands and is the David Collins that is listed here possibly the David Collins in the New River area? Or... could this be David Collins 1750's father another David Collins? If that were the case then George could have been David Collins 1750's uncle.

This is from Joanne Pezzullo:

1793. Ordered that a wagon road be opened up from Blair and Dickey Furnace to the county line and that William Austin, Lazarus Denny, Charles Denny, and Thomas Kenweather do view the ground proposed for the said road from the furnace to the ground where the courthouse is to be erected from thence to the forge, from thence to William Jennings', Joseph Hill, Nathaniel Pope, James Cock and William Williams, wagoner, do view said ground from Jennings to the county line, where said road crosses Greasy Creek... That Aaron Collins, Andrew Cock, Reubin Dalton and John Robinson being first sworn, or any three of them, do view the grounds proposed and make report of the conveniences and inconveniences that will result from opening of the same as well to individuals, as to the publick and make report of the same to the next court... (This road was largely in what is now Carroll County).


August 27, 1794. A wagon road from the courthouse across New River to George Martin's and that Jonathan Collins open the same. A wagon road from the courthouse to Fisher's Gap. A wagon road from the courthouse crossing the river at Colonel Swift's to the Mouth of Elk Creek. View road that leads from the road that leads to William Jennings to Tobias Phillips' at the Montgomery line. A wagon road to be opened from the furnace to the Carolina line toward Fisher's Gap, going through an old field of George Reeves's - twenty-five or thirty poles. James Summer, surveyor for the road from Peach Bottom Creek to the junction of said road to where it joins the Island Ford road, proceed thence to the line.


22 Mar 1794 Grayson Co., VA

``Grayson Co., VA, Land Plat Book, Mar. 22, 1794. "John COX, asee of P. GAINS asee of James NEWELL asee of William HARRISON asee of Julius RUCKER by virtue of a certificate from the principal surveyor of Lee County of a part of a land office treasury warrant for 13300 acres No. 19689 & dated the 2nd day of Oct. 1783 as for Susannah COLLINS enters 300 acres of land on the waters of H. Creek the waters of the North Fork of New River beginning on the N. Carolina line & running so as to include his improvement for quantity."

First two are from Grayson County Road Orders found at Jeff Weaver's New River site. These two on Susannah are from Grayson County, Virginia - Land Plat Book 1 1793-1794 also at Jeff Weaver's site.

Here is a good map I found while looking for Fisher's Gap -- this is a cemetery in Surry County but if you position it halfway many of the place names are there. Mouth of Wilson is where Jim Callahan says Vardy was born.
http://www.cemeterycensus.net/maps.htm?lat=36.523139&lon=-80
.883389&cem=FISHERS_GAP_CHURCH_CEMETERY

March 21 Susannah Collins, asee of P. Gains asee of James Newell asee of William Harrison asee of Julius Rucker by virtue of a certificate from the principal surveyor of Lee County of a part of a land office treasury warrant for 13300 acres No. 19689 & dated the 2nd day of Oct. 1783 enters 150 acres of land on the waters of Elk Creek & on the east side of Point Lookout beginning & running so as to include her improvement for quantity.

March 22 John Cox, asee of P. Gains asee of James Newell asee of William Harrison asee of Julius Rucker by virtue of a certificate from the principal surveyor of Lee County of a part of a land office treasury warrant for 13300 acres No. 19689 & dated the 2nd day of Oct. 1783 as for Susannah Collins enters 300 acres of land on the waters of H. Creek the waters of the North Fork of New River beginning on the N. Carolina line & running so as to include his improvement for quantity

Andrew Baker -- Believe I sent these first records already

On 29 Apr 1788 the Wilkes County Court ordered a road jury be named to view the road a new road through Thomas Dicksons on New River instead of present road. These men were probably all neighbors and some probably related to each other: David Smith, John Boyd, Leven Cole, John Anderson, Alexander Johnson, Ambrous Collens, James Sparks, Andrew Baker, James Baker, William Scott, John Parmely, Ephraim Parmely, Alexander Smith, George Baker, James Bunyard and John Read. (Wilkes Co, NC Court Minutes from Wilkes County, North Carolina Court Minutes 1778-1788 Volumes 1 & 11 by Mrs. W. O. Absher.)


On 23 Jan 1787 a road crew was named for the road from James Bakers on New River to Franklins Road: Martin Gambill, David Richardson, William Richardson, Cannaday Richardson, James Williamson, John Fips, Moses Toliver, Jesse Toliver, Zachariah Wells, Ephraim Osborn, David Smith, Alexander Smith, Alexander Johnson, William Scott, William Collens and Morris Baker. (Wilkes Co, NC Court Minutes from Wilkes County, North Carolina Court Minutes 1778-1788 Volumes 1 & 11 by Mrs. W. O. Absher.)

Surry County was formed from Rowan County in 1771 and this included the area where James Baker lived. Wilkes County was formed in 1777 from Surry County and included the area where James Baker lived

Rowan County Tax - 1759 David Smith. William Calliom, Thomas Poston, Samuel Reed, William Read

This was in 1767 or 1768. This time he encountered another problem. In Andrew's long absence, Dr. Thomas Walker, a surveyor for the Loyal Land Company, had staked and claimed the "Peach Tree Bottom" track, for his employers. He had to now purchase 1000 acres of his original claim before he could resettle on it again. It seems that it just wasn't meant to be. The following year, he was once again forced out by the Indians and back to his old settlement. One might wonder why Andrew
was so determined to settle this particular track land. The answer lay in what was on and in the land, more so, than the land itself. For you see, one of the largest iron ore deposits in this area was discovered on this land. I think Andrew Baker, and at least one of his sons, were involved in the Iron business. His son James Baker and he built several larger iron furnaces along Cranberry Creek, a tributary of the south branch of New River. The remains of some of these old Iron Furnaces can be seen even today. They were at their peek of production during the Revolutionary War.” 195.
The John Cox, Ephraim Osborne and John Hashe families accompanied Baker on his return in 1765, Cox settling opposite Baker. George Collins and George Reeves from Drury's Bluff below Richmond arrived at Peach Bottom in 1767. Baker soon sold land to Jeremiah Harrison, James Mulkey and James, John and Samuel Blevins. The Hashes located where Bridle Creek enters the New. The Osbornes located between Bridle and Saddle Creek opposite the Bakers. 196

• 1755 Andrew Baker appears as a chain carrier for Marmaduke Kimbrough in Orange Co. NC.197

• 1755 Andrew Baker appears in court in September in a petition vs. John Bumpass198
John Bumpas agt Andrew Baker: Petition: On Petition of John Bumpas against Andrew Baker Defendant for four pounds thirteen shillings and six pence Virginia Money said to be due up on Account. The dame day came the Plaintiff by his Attorney and the Defendant failing to appear although duly summmon’d and served with a Copy of the Plaintiffs Petition &c account. The Plaintiff proved his Demand to be just & true by his own Oath. Therefore Plaintiff recover against the Defendant his Damages aforesaid in form aforesaid and his Costs by him in that behalf expended. Judgment £4:13:6, Clerk 1:1:11

• May 16, 1757 Andrew Baker appears on a land warrant in Orange Co. NC Little Barton Creek, on south side of
Neuse River)199

• 1758 Andrew Baker appears on a list to clear and maintain roads.200

• 1758 Andrew Baker appears in court in September of 1758 in a case vs. Michael Synnot.201

Michael Synnot agt. Andrew Baker: Case, And the Defendant by his Attorney Comes and Defends the fource and injury when and whre &c and saith that he did not Assume in manner and form as the Plaintiff against hat Declared and of this he puts himself upon the Country and the Defendant (sic) Likewise Therefore let a Jury come agreeable to act of Assembly to Recognize &c. The same Day came the Parties by their Attorneys whereupon came also a Jury towit: &c. who being elected
trued and sworn the truth to speak upon the issue Joined up their oath do say that the Defendant did assume in manner and form as the Plaintiff against him hath Declared and do assess his Damages to Two pounds Seven Shillings and four pence Proclamation Money therefore it is the Opinion of the Court that the Plaintiff recover against the Defendant his Damages aforesaid in form aforesaid and his Costs by him in that behalf expended.

• 1750-1765 Andrew Baker settles on a tract of land in what is now Ashe Co. NC along the drains of the New River202

• June 19, 1760 Andrew Baker appears on a land warrant in Orange Co. NC (on a drain of Kemp's Br., waters of the
Neuse)203

• 1761. Elisha Lawrence late of Rowan to Andrew Baker for £32 proclamation money 450A on Grassy Bottom Creek
granted by Granville 25 Dec. 1761. 4 March 1763. Jacob Lash, Edwd. Hughes. Rowan Co.204

• March 5, 1763 Andrew Baker appears on a land deed (450 acres Elisha Lawrance to Andrew Baker, Rowan County
NC) 205

• 176? Doc. Andrew Baker handles estate of Douglas Baker dec. in Prince Edward Co. Virginia. 206

• 1764 Andrew Baker appears in Procession returns in Prince Edward Co. Virginia. 207

• 1765 Andrew Baker returns to his tract of land on the South Fork (of the New River). 208

In 1765 or 1768 Andrew Baker settled and made an improvement on land under the Loyal Company now in Grayson County.

Several years afterwards he sold to Jeremiah Harrison, who also removed to and lived on the land for some time, and sold to
James Mulkey, who settled and lived on the land and then sold to James Blevins, father of orator John Blevins, 1772. James
then moved to the land, where he resided until his death, in 1801. 209

http://crossedbrushstudio.com/windowsintoourpast/Volume-pdf/
Volume7.pdf

In 1754 it was reported to the Governor of North Carolina there were fifty families called a 'mixt crew' residing on the Drowning Creek . The report made to the Governor stated 'there were no Indians' in the area. Records show that at least some of these families would later become known as Melungeons, Redbones and Lumbee Indians.

One of these families was Spencer Boltons who was born 1735 on the Pee Dee River and is found on the petition below. His son Solomon Bolton is found in Hamilton County, Tennessee where his descendants are found in court records where he, as well as the Perkins, Shoemake, Goins, Manley and Mournings, were described as Spanish or Portuguese and called Melungeons.

Lewis Shepherd who represented the family in court wrote in 'A Romance of the Melungeons:'

''South Carolina had a law taxing free Negroes so much per capita, and a determined effort was made to collect this of them. But it was shown in evidence on the trial of this case that they always successfully resisted the payment of this tax, as they proved that they were not Negroes. Because of their treatment, they left South Carolina at an early day and wandered across the mountains to Hancock county, East Tennessee; in fact, the majority of the people of that country are “Melungeons,:” or allied to them in some way. A few families of them drifted away from Hancock into the other counties of east Tennessee and now and then into the mountainous section of Middle Tennessee." Excerpts from the trial can be found here.

South Carolina Petition 1794
To the honorable, the Representatives of So Carolina

The Petition of the people of colour of the state aforesaid who are under the act entitled an "Act for imposing a pole tax on all free Negroes, Mustees, and Mulatoes,"

most humbly sheweth

that whereas we your humble petitioners having the honor of being your citizens, as also free and willing to advance for the support of government anything that might not be prejudiced to us, it being well known that we have not been backward on our part, in performing any other public duties that hath fell in the compass of our knowledge

We therefore being sensibly grieved our present situation, also having frequently discovered the many distresses occasioned by your act imposing the pole tax, such as widows with large families, & women scarcely able to support themselves, being frequently followed & payment extorted by your tax gatherers--

The considerations on our part hath occasioned us to give you this trouble, requesting your autherate body to repeal an act so truly mortifying to your distressed petitioners-- for which favor your petitioners will ever acknowledge & devoutly pray ---

Isaac Linager
Isaac Mitchell
Jonathon Price
Nathan Price
Richard Evins
Nathaniel Cumboe
George Collins
William Turner [his mark]

Thomas Hulin
Spencer Bolton [his mark]
William Swett [his mark]
Solomon Bolton [his mark]
James Shewmake [his mark]
John Turner Jr [his mark]
Solomon Shewmake [his mark]
Sampson Shewmake [his mark]
Thomas Shewmake Jun [his mark]
Thomas Shewmake Sen [his mark]
John Shewmake [his mark]
James Shewmake [his mark]
David Collins
Thomas Collins
John Turner Sen [his mark]
Mildred Turner [her mark]
Jenelayer {?} Turner [her mark]
Catherine Turner [her mark]
Elias Hulin
Cudworth Oxendine
Archmack Ocendine
Peter Colder [his mark]
Moses Colder [his mark]
Delley Gibson
Drusilla Gibson
George McCloud


STATEMENT OF SUPPORT
In Justice to your petitioners as above, we whose particular knowledge of their situation hath induced us to request in their favor the benefit of a repeal, provided your honorable and deliberate body can then it best to do............

In 1809, the state legislature renamed Drowning Creek the Lumber River, after the area's major industry.



These are some of my questions about this information. We really need to start checking on the Jones County, North Carolina Collinses...because there are only two possible routes that our Collinses took to get to the New River area. They either came from the Orange County/Louisa County area along with Old Thomas Collins and that group of Saponi...or they came from this Drowning Creek/Lumber River settlement. This is the place that became the area of the present day Lumbee.


Is it possible that Old Thomas Collins of Flatt River is the son of one of the Collins listed on these Drowning Creek petitions, David, George, Thomas...was Elisha there too?

Further is it possible that Samuel Collins the supposed son of Old Thomas Collins may actually have been Old Thomas Collins brother instead?

I'm extremly curious about anything else you may know about the Drowning Creek Collinses and whether or not these Collinses may have been the generation previous to Old Thomas Collins of Flatt River and or David Collins 1750?

If the David Collins on the Drowning Creek was old enough to have been David Collins 1750's father then that would be an interesting development.

Jimmy Reed Bio - Bright Lights, Big City

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5eHfWwSIjuI


 

Reed was born in Dunleith, Mississippi in 1925, learning the harmonica and guitar from Eddie Taylor, a close friend. After spending several years busking and performing in the area, Reed moved to Chicago, Illinois, in 1943 before being drafted into the US Navy during World War II. In 1945, Reed was discharged and moved back to Mississippi for a brief period, marrying his girlfriend, Mary "Mama" Reed, before moving to Gary, Indiana to work at an Armour & Co. meat packing plant. Mama Reed appears as an uncredited background singer on many of his songs, notably the major hits "Baby What You Want Me to Do", "Big Boss Man" and "Bright Lights, Big City".

By the 1950s, Reed had established himself as a popular musician and joined the "Gary Kings" with John Brim, as well as playing on the street with Willie Joe Duncan. Reed failed to gain a recording contract with Chess Records, but signed with Vee-Jay Records through Brim's drummer, Albert King. At Vee-Jay, Reed began playing again with Eddie Taylor and soon released "You Don't Have to Go", his first hit record. This was followed by a long string of hits.

Reed maintained his reputation despite his rampant alcoholism; sometimes his wife had to help him remember the lyrics to his songs while recording. In 1957, Reed developed epilepsy, though the condition was not correctly diagnosed for a long time, as Reed and doctors assumed it was delirium tremens.[3]

In spite of his numerous hits, Reed's personal problems prevented him from achieving the same level of fame as other popular blues artists of the time, though he had more hit songs than many others. When Vee-Jay Records closed down, Reed's manager signed a contract with the fledgling ABC-Bluesway label, but Reed was never able to score another hit.

In 1968 he toured Europe with the American Folk Blues Festival.[2]

Jimmy Reed died in Oakland, California in 1976,[1] of respiratory failure,[4] eight days short of his 51st birthday. He is interred in the Lincoln Cemetery in Worth, Illinois.

In 1991 Reed was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

The Rolling Stones have cited Reed as a major influence on their sound, and their early set lists included many of Reed's songs, including tracks like "Ain't That Lovin' You Baby", "The Sun is Shining" (also played at the Stones' 1969 Altamont concert), "Bright Lights, Big City" and "Shame, Shame, Shame" ; the B-side of their February 1964 hit single "Not Fade Away" was a pastiche of "Shame, Shame, Shame" entitled "Little by Little". Their first album, released in April 1964, featured their cover of Reed's "Honest I Do".

The Yardbirds recorded an instrumental dedicated to him entitled "Like Jimmy Reed Again", which was released on the "definitive edition" of their album Having a Rave Up with The Yardbirds.

"Big Boss Man" was sung regularly by Ron "Pigpen" McKernan with the Grateful Dead during the 1960s and early 1970s and appears on their live album Skull and Roses. It was revived a few times by Jerry Garcia with the Dead during the 1980s. Bob Weir of the Dead also played it a few times with Kingfish in the mid 70s, and more recently with Ratdog. Phil Lesh also plays it with Phil & Friends. The Grateful Dead have also performed Baby What You Want Me to Do with Brent Mydland on vocals.

Elvis Presley recorded several of Reed's songs, scoring a 1967 hit with "Big Boss Man" and recording several performances of "Baby, What You Want Me to Do" for his 1968 Comeback TV Special. (However, Presley's 1964 hit, "Ain't That Lovin' You Baby" is a different song than that recorded by Reed.) The song "Baby, What You Want Me to Do" was also covered by Wishbone Ash on their 1972 live album, Live Dates. "Baby What You Want Me to Do" was also frequently performed by Etta James and Hot Tuna. Johnny and Edgar Winter performed the song live in 1975 and included it on Johnny and Edgar Winter Together.

Reed's recordings of "Big Boss Man" and "Bright Lights, Big City" were both voted onto the list of The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll.

Noted Austin, Texas musicians, Omar Kent Dykes and Jimmie Vaughan released an album entitled On the Jimmy Reed Highway as a tribute to Reed.[5]

Bill Cosby covered four of Reed's songs -- "Bright Lights, Big City", "Big Boss Man", "Hush Hush" and "Aw Shucks, Hush Your Mouth" -- on his 1967 album Silver Throat: Bill Cosby Sings.

Neil Young historically plays Mr Reed's music to his audience before his shows.

British punk pioneer Billy Childish and his band Thee Headcoats released an EP of Reed covers entitled The Jimmy Reed Experience on Get Hip Records in 1997.

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Fry Breads contributed by Linda Wallen Howard

Linda Wallen Howard

Fry Breads:

Honey Fry Bread

1 cup flour

1/2 cup wheat flour

1/4 tsp. salt

1/2 tsp. baking powder

1 tbsp. sugar

1/2 cup honey

2 cup vegetable oil

Mix the flours, salt, sugar and baking powder together.

Add about 1/2 cup water and mix well, adding a bit more water if needed to make a stiff dough.

Roll it out on lightly floured surface and knead until dough becomes elastic and smooth.

Let it stand for 10 minutes.

Cut into squares, strips, or circles about 1/2 thick.

Deep fry in very hot oil until golden brown. Drain on paper towels.

Drizzle honey over bread and serve immediately.

***************************************

Navajo Fry Bread

1 quart cooking oil

3 cups sifted flour

1 T. baking powder

1/2 tsp. salt

1 cup warm water

Heat oil to 360 degrees in a heavy 5 qt saucepan. Stir together the flour, baking powder and salt. Gradually stir in water, knead dough until no longer sticky. Cover and let stand 15 minutes. Pull off 2 in. balls of dough. On lightly floured surface, roll each ball into a circle about 1/4 inch thick. Pierce circles of dough several times with a fork.

Deep fry until both side are golden. (about 3-4 minutes)

Drain and serve with honey, powdered sugar or jam.

Note: Fry bread may be wrapped airtight and frozen up to 3 months. Reheat in a foil packet in a 350-degree oven for 15 minutes. Before serving open the foil to allow the fry bread to dry out on the outside.

***************************************

Old Fashioned Fry Bread

4 cups flour

2 tbsp. baking powder

1 tsp. salt

1/2 cup shortening

1 cup warm water

Mix flour, baking powder and salt. Gradually add in the shortening and water. Add only enough water to make dough stick together. Knead dough until smooth, make into fist-sized balls. Cover them with a towel for 10 minutes then pat them out into circles about the size of a pancake.

Fry in hot cooking oil in cast iron skillet until brown on both sides. Drain on paper towels, serve with jam.

********************************

Osage Fry Bread

4 cups all purpose flour

2 tsp salt

1 tbsp and a half baking powder

1 tablespoon melted shortening

2 cups warm milk

shortening for deep frying

Sift flour, salt and baking powder into bowl. Stir in shortening and milk. Knead the dough into a ball. Roll out dough on lightly floured board. Cut into diamond shapes and slice a slit in the center.

Heat shortening in deep fryer to 370 degrees. Fry 2 or 3 at a time until golden brown on both sides. Drain on paper towels.

**************************************

Filled Fry Bread

Use one of the bread recipes below.

Roll the dough out extra thin and cut into slices

about 4 X 6 inches and put a small amount of chopped cooked beef or chicken on each piece; Or whatever you wish.

Fold the dough over and pinch the edges. Fry in hot oil until browned.

*********************************

Seminole Fry Bread

2 cups flour

3 tsp. baking powder

1 tsp. salt

1 cup milk

Mix flour, baking powder and salt. Add milk gradually making sure the dough is stiff. Put on floured bread board and pat it out with your hands until it is 1/2 inch thick. Cut into strips with a slit in the center. Fry in hot oil until both sides are golden brown.

************************************

Traditional Indian Fry Bread

1 pkg. dry yeast

3 cups warm water

1 tbsp. salt

1 tbsp. sugar

6 cups flour

2 tbsp.oil

1/2 cup cornmeal

Dissolve yeast in warm water then add salt and sugar. Let stand for 5 minutes covered with a towel. Add flour and oil to liquid mixture. Mix and put on floured bread board and knead until mixture is smooth. Put dough in a greased bowl, cover with towel and let it rise for 1 1/2 hours. Remove from bowl and put on bread board, knead in the 1/2 cornmeal.

Make dough into 2 balls rolling each into 12 inch circles 1/2 inch thick. Cut into 2 inch squares and drop into hot cooking oil. (Works best with cast iron skillet.) Fry 5 to 6 pieces at a time for only a few moments. Drain on paper towel and sprinkle with white powdered sugar.

Jimmy Rogers - "Bluebird": Blues Advocate

Album Review: Jimmy Rogers - "Bluebird"

https://www.facebook.com/BluesAdvocate

This was Jimmy Rogers last "proper" Chicago Blues album, and it deservedly won a W.C. Handy award in 1995. There are no moonlighting rockstars heren they would come out in droves for Rogers subsequent LP "Blues Blues Blues". And with the exception of the last track -- which is basically pianist Johnnie Johnson showing off for 8 minutes, Rogers sits squarely in the spotlight for the duration of 'Bluebird'.

As expected, Rogers revisits a fair amount of his earlier repertoire ("Walking By Myself" "I Lost A Good Woman"), but he also digs up several original tunes that he had never gotten around to recording until now. Throw in a few Chicago standards ("Big Boss Man" "Rock Me" & "Smokestack Lightning") and you have a solid, laid-back, and tremendously satisfying album by one of the underrated masters.

The backing band is a mix of Chicago blues brethren (Carey Bell on harp, Dave Myers on bass, Ted Harvey on drums) and family (Rogers son Jimmy D. Lane on lead guitar), plus Johnson who is perhaps a rockstar by association having played with Chuck Berry for 18 years. This one's a must-have! (review by All Music)

  Jimmy Rogers Bright Lights Big City

 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rHqFg5ORfz4

 

Charts and Links for Action Spectrum Photosynthesis

Click here for many links to the Action spectrum

Millenton Collins Research by Sean Wright

The earliest known Melungeon in Northeast Tennessee was Millington Collins, who executed a deed in Hawkins County in 1802.


 Milliton Collins is thought to have been a Melungeon Indian. He is thought to descend from Thomas Collins, who was born in 1710 in Hanover Co., VA. Samuel Collins, born 1732 in Louisa Co., VA , and John Collins are thought to be Thomas's sons (Thomas, Samuel, and John Collins, mulattos, are shown on the 1755 Orange Co., NC Tax List). Either Samuel or John was probably Milliton's father. Lewis Collins, who was born in 1754 in Virginia, and Aaron Collins were probably Milliton's brothers. Lewis fought in the Revolutionary War and received a pension. Milliton named two of his sons Aaron and Lewis.

Haplogroup E1b1 Melungeon DNA :

Haplogroup E1b1 Melungeon DNA

Break down of the 2012 Melungeon DNA project: Joseph Newman

• 

  Joseph Newman Here is information on Valentine Collins:

   
  http://www.historical-melungeons.com/valcollins.html
  http://shaybo-therisingtide.blogspot.com/2011/05/descendants-of-valentine-collins.html
  1. VALENTINE1 COLLINS1 was born 1769 in Wilkes, NC, USA1. He married DICEY.
  Children of VALENTINE COLLINS and DICEY are:
  2. i. OBEDIAH2 COLLINS, b. 1804; d. 1839, Magoffin, Kentucky, USA.
  3. ii. JOSHUA COLLINS, b. 1805, Hawkins County, Tennessee; d. February 01, 1854, Johnson County, Kentucky.
  4. iii. DAVID COLLINS, b. 1807, Kentucky.
  As you can see above..Valentine was only in Hawkins county, Tenn 2 years at this time.
  "The 1810 Hawkins County Tax list for Puncheon Camp Valley included; Benjamin Collins, Vardemon Collins, James Collins, Henry Collins, Jordan Gibson, Obedah Goodman, Jordan Goodman, John Fields, Yearby Gibson, Shepard Gibson, Charles Gibson, Tiry Gibson, Royal Gibson, Valentine Collins, and Jesse Gibson.
  1811: State of Tennessee, Hawkins County vs Valentine Collins, Benjamin Collins, Jordan Gibson and Charles Gibson on a plea of debt by merchant John M. Preston May 1, 1811-Then on the 14th day of June 1811 they were summons to Rogersville to pay
  John M. Preston eight pounds and thirteen shillings on beef cattle by the first day of August next. Valentine Collins owed 2 pounds 15 shillings, Benjamin Collins 1 pound 18 shillings, Jordan Gibson 1 pound 16 shillings and Charles Gibson 2 pound, 4 shillings totaling $8 pounds, 13 shillings. (Hawkins County Loose Records.)
  1812: Delinquent tax list in Claiborne County 1812 "Thomas Gibson, Sherod Gibson and Valentine Collins". Appears like they moved there from Hawkins and then moved from Claiborne owing taxes . (Tennessee State Library & Archives)Tennessee
  24 April 1816--- by Tenn. Grant No, 3770 Absalom Looney received 150 acres; also 44 acres on north side of Clinch River on Newman Ridge on the waters of Panther Creek including the place where Valentine Collins formerly lived. There were ten Collins families on the 1820 census of Floyd County, KY. Valentine,
  Bradley, and Meredith were the only Collins’ listed as FPC. "
  http://www.jgoins.com/valentine_collins_timeline.htm
  
  Again you do not see Melungeon used for Valentine Collins family. Then from 1810-1812 Valentine is back in Tennesse...but no record of Valentine Collins back in Tennessee after 1812. There is no marriages of Valentine Collins family to any recorded Melungeon families. Now if you look on the Melungeon DNA project site you
  will clearly see Valentine Collins was no relation to Vardy Collins.
  11280 Valentine Collins Unknown Origin E1b1a8a
  246966 Vardemon Collins b.1764 and d. 1850 United States R1b1a2
  http://www.familytreedna.com/public/coremelungeon/default.aspx?section=yresults
  
  Then if you go to Jack Goins...who told newspapers recently that he was a Melungeon...yet if you go to his own website he says this about his family "Hopefully locating and indexing the Hawkins County records 1795-1850 will answer some of these questions and I can remove this ‘maybe Melungeon’ label from my Goins
  family. " http://www.jgoins.com/maybe_melungeon.htm
  So why was Jack Goins' family DNA put in this project if he states he has no proof his Family even was Melungeons? He claims he spent 40 years doing research..surely in 40 years he could have found some proof....so 40 years and no proof found...yet
  he still included his families' DNA in this project to say who the Melungeons was.

  

  Valentine Collins

  www.historical-melungeons.com

  • In 1800 Valentine Collins is living in Morgan Twp., Ashe County, North Carolina. Vardery, Thomas and Ambrose Collins also. All listed as FPC

  January 16 at 2:04am · Edited · Unlike · 1
• 

  Joseph Newman Now if you look closer at Jack Goins' website at the link above...you will find this, " Sneedville Attorney Lewis Jarvis names several Melungeons: Vardy Collins, Shepard Gibson, Benjamin Collins, Solomon Collins, Paul Bunch and the Goodman chiefs. Jarvis later names James Collins, John Bolin and Mike Bolin and some
  others not remembered."
  So now we go back to the DNA results:
  87771 Vardy Collins b 1764 Unknown Origin R1a1a
  87768 Shepherd Gibson d. 1842 Hawkins Co. TN Unknown Origin R1b1a2
  117395 Benjamin Collins, 1800, Hancock Co. Tn. Unknown Origin E1b1a
  87510 Benjamin Collins United States R1b1a2
  239224 Marvel- Benjamin Collins Unknown Origin E1b1a
  Which Ben Collins was the Melungeon?
  210660 Obadiah Goodman 1770-1839 KY and TN Unknown Origin R1b1a2
  154495 Alfred Goodman, 1828-1898 Unknown Origin R1b1a2
  There is only two Goodman's in the project
  247883 Samuel Bunch, Hancock County, TN Unknown Origin R1b1a2a1a1b4
  95039 Elza Bunch Unknown Origin R1b1a2
  83214 Lorenzo Dow Bunch Unknown Origin R1b1a2
  260393 Solomon Bunch, b. 1783 and d. 1870 Unknown Origin E1b1a
  17113 John Bunch, born about 1630, New Kent, VA Unknown Origin E1b1a8a
  N7586 Henry Bunch, Bertie Co., NC Unknown Origin E1b1a8a
  Alot of Bunches there....defiently two different Bunch families completely unrelated to each other...so which one was Paul Bunch's family that was named Melungeon? We know 1630 is too early, we know bertie county is near the North Carolina coast..We know Samuel Bunch was living in Hancock county, Tenn. So I guess it is safe to assume the Hancock county Bunch family is the one mentioned by Sneedville Attorney since Sneedville is in Hancock county, Tenn.B2319 James Collins , b. 1773 and d. 1860 United States E1b1b1
  Is this the James called a Melungeon?
  "Some of them went into the War of 1812-1914 whose names are here given; James Collins, John Bolin and Mike Bolin and some others not remembered;" http://historical-melungeons.blogspot.com/p/lewis-jarvis-article.html
  This James would of been 39 in 1812.
  "James Collins 1773-1860 married Lexy Gibson (?) about 1803; Bill Groshe speculated she was a Gibson. James Collins is on the Lee County Tax lists 1804-1813 along with an old Martin Collins. The 1830 census of Hawkins County, TN., list James Collins
  free colored household as follows: James Collins two males under 10, one male 10-24 and James was between age 55-100. Females: one under 10, one female 10-24 possibly Matilda, and one female 36-55 was wife Lexy. James Collins is named by Sneedville
  Attorney Lewis M. Jarvis in his 1903 interview in the Sneedville Times as an old purebred Indian, who had fought in the war of 1812. (1994 Hancock CO, Tennessee And It’s people Volume 11.) " http://www.saponitown.com/brenda-collins-dillon/buck-gibson.htm
  125415 William Bolin, b.cir 1813, d.cir 1882 Unknown Origin R1b1a2
  200122 Benjamin Bolling or Boling United States R1b1a2
  There is only two Bollins in the DNA project so I guess these are for the Bollin family mentioned.
  Now going back to the Bunch family since there is 3 that appears to be unrelated to the Hancock county Bunch family yet was put in the DNA project. "Solomon Bunch bn 1783 VA & Wife Nancy bn 1783 N.C. Solomons Father: Micajah BUNCH b: Abt 1770 in Bertie, , NC Mother: Lavinia HOLDER b: Bef 1774 in Bertie, , NC
  
  Children
  1 F Sally Sarah BUNCH
  Born: 1810
  2 M Craven BUNCH
  Born: 15 Apr 1815
  3 M Jesse BUNCH
  Born: 15 Apr 1815
  4 M Gabriel BUNCH
  Born: 1820
  5 M Joel G. BUNCH
  Born: 1822
  6 M George Washington BUNCH Sr.
  Born: 1828 - Whitley County, KY
  Died: 26 Apr 1885 - Whitley County, KY
  Buried: - 5 Miles E Of Williamsburg, Whitley County, KY
  Spouse1: Mary Ann BOLEN
  Marr: abt 1848 or 1849
  Spouse2: Sarah Ann RAINS
  Marr: 5 Oct 1856"
  http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/BOWLIN/2005-12/1133592568
  "Craven Bunch was a son of Solomon's; Craven was a twin to Jesse and they were born, I believe in 1815. Craven settled in the Southwestern part of KY around the Adair County, Cumberland County area. Father Solomon, although supposedly born in
  VA or NC (last seen in VA about 1801), arrived in Knox County,KY (the part which later became Whitley) in the very early 1800s (on the Knox Co. 1810 census) and it is assumed that he died, I think, sometime in the 1870s, possibly in the Dal area or Gatliff area of Whitley County."
  http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/KYRUSSEL/2007-10/1191350205

  

  Historical Melungeons: Lewis Jarvis article

  historical-melungeons.blogspot.com

     The Historical Melungeons Blog will publish news of current events, historica...See More

  January 16 at 2:02am · Edited · Like · 1
• 

  Joseph Newman Children of Solomon Bunch and Nancy ??? are:
  i. Burton Bunch, born 1803; died Unknown; married Mary
  "Polly" ???; died Unknown.
  46 ii. Jesse Bunch, born Abt. 1815 in Kentucky; died 1900
  in Mud Creek, Whitley County, Kentucky; married Martha Ann Rains November 11, 1837 in Whitley County, Kentucky.
  iii. Craven Bunch, born 1816; died Unknown; married Mary
  ???; born 1822; died Unknown.
  Notes for Craven Bunch:
  Listed in 1850 census of Whitley County as "Craig" Bunch with wife & family
  iv. George W. Bunch, born 18201; died 18851; married
  (1) Mary Ann Bowlin; died Unknown; married (2) Sarah Ann Rains October 05, 1856 in Campbell County, Tennessee; born 1840; died 1888.
  http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/h/o/u/Tom-Housley/GENE5-0011.html
  
  As we can see Solomon Bunch who was added to the Melungeon DNA project was Never a part of Hancock county, Tenn. Was never called a Melungeon. DNA shows Solomon and the other Bertie county, NC Bunches was totally unrelated to the Bunch family of Sneedville, Tennessee. So why was these 3 Bunch families used in a DNA project for Melungeons?
  
  "These two, Vardy Collins and Buck Gibson, were the had and source of the Melungeons in Tennessee. Old Benjamin Collins, one of the pioneers, was older than Vardy, but came to Tennessee a trifle later. He had quite a large family of children, among them Edmond, Mileyton, Marler, Harry, Andrew, Zeke, Jordon. From
  Jordan Collins descended Calloway Collins who is still living today and from whom I obtained some valuable information. Benjamin Collins was known as old Ben, and became the head of the Ben's tribe. Old Solomon Collins was the head of Sol's tribe. The English branch began with the MULLINS tribe, a very powerful tribe, Old Jim Mullins, the father of the branch, was an Englishman. The African branch was introduced by one Goins who emigrated from North Carolina after the formation of the state of Tenn. Goins was a Negro, and did not settle upon the Ridge, but lower down the Big Sycamore Creek in Powell's Valley. He took a Melungeon woman for his wife (took up with her),and reared a family or tribe. The Goins family may be easily recognized by their kinky hair ,flat nose and foot, thick lips, and a complexion totally unlike the Collins and Mullins tribes. The Portuguese branch was for a long time a riddle, the existence of it being stoutly denied. It has at last,
  however, been traced to one "Denham", a Portuguese who married a Collins woman. "
  http://www.historical-melungeons.com/meltree.html
  
  We already covered Vardy Collins and Shep Gibson. We found 3 Ben Collins in the project. there was no Solomon Collins in the project. So here is the other's DNA from the project.
  69729 David Denham, b. 1754, Louisa County, VA. Unknown Origin I1
  87373 Irish Jim Mullins of Hawkins Co. TN, b. c. 1780 Unknown Origin
  
  R1b1a2
  72301 George Washington Goins Unknown Origin A
  44230 Joeseph Goins b 1766 d 1859 Unknown Origin R1b1a2
  67719 Thomas Goin born Abt.1750 VA Unknown Origin E1b1a
  40479 John Going b. c. 1730, Fairfax Co., VA Unknown Origin E1b1a
  87784 `levy going born 1796 in georgia Unknown Origin E1b1a
  
  There was only one Denham in the project so we can assume that is for the Denham family mentioned.There is defiently 3 different Goins families here. One is from Georgia and I have never seen Georgia as a original for Melungeons before. A Lumbee was hung in
  Georgia and Lumbee have some Goins so maybe that is the Lumbee Goins family. John MULLINS (Son of Irish Jim Mullins)-b. ca.1823 TN. Married Mahala COLLINS, dau. of Solomon and Gincie (GOINS) COLLINS.
  Joseph Goins, born 1766 in Virginia; died (?). He married Millie Lovins.
  Millie Lovins, born 1770 in Virginia; died (?).
  Children of Joseph Goins and Millie Lovins are:
  Virginia Jane "Gincy" Goins, born 1793 in Fairfax Co., VA; died (?); married Solomon Dickinson Collins.
  Aletha Goins, born ca. 1795; married (1) Gilford Frost; married (2) James Livesay February 19, 1851.
  George W. Goins, born ca. 1797; married Lively Bunch August 5, 1839 in Hawkins Co., TN.
  Hardin Goins, born ca. 1800.
  44230 Joeseph Goins b 1766 d 1859 Unknown Origin R1b1a2
  
  So this Joseph Goins must of been who Will Allen Dromgoole was talking about. However these Goins actually lived on Newman's ridge not off the ridge and these Goins did not have the features Will Allen Dromgoole mentioned for the Goins family which is seen in the pictures of Mahala Collins.
  Here is pictures of Mahala taken from Newspapers: http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=39642771
  "The first census of Hancock Co., Tn. listed: Fam. #77N. LIVELY BUNCH, 50, b. Va., cake baker, dau. of Joseph & Rachel Bunch."
  http://www.historical-melungeons.com/bunchnotes.html
  
  Remember Paul Bunch is who was named a Melungeon in Sneedville, Tenn.
  247883 Samuel Bunch, Hancock County, TN Unknown Origin R1b1a2a1a1b4
  95039 Elza Bunch Unknown Origin R1b1a2
  83214 Lorenzo Dow Bunch Unknown Origin R1b1a2
  Here is copy of Rachel Bunch's will which names Samuel and Lively.
  http://www.docstoc.com/docs/2593875/Copy-of-the-Last-Will-and-Testament-of--Rachel-Bunch-deceased
  Since Lorenzo matches Samuel and Elza Bunch's DNA, We will look at Lorenzo's ancestry. He probally goes back to John BUNCH (BUNCE), Sr born Abt 1636 England Or Scotland, John's father was Ensign Thomas (Bunch) BUNCE born Abt 1607-1612 Kent County, England. http://avocadoridge.com/carney/getperson.php?personID=I4726&tree=tree1
  Judging by the DNA Haplogrouup, this family tracing back to Louisa county, VA, and the name Lorenzo Dow Bunch and the Kentucky location. DNA has proved these Bunch's are not part of the Bertie county, NC Bunch family as once thought.Since Solomon Collins DNA was not added but was with this group, here is his family history:
  Solomon Collins SR, born 1760 in Cumberland Co., PA; died February 8, 1838 in Hawkins Co., TN. He married Edy Dickinson 1796 in North Carolina.
  Edy Dickinson, born ca. 1762; died (?).
  Children of Solomon Collins and Edy Dickinson are:
  Solomon Dickinson Collins, born 1799 in North Carolina; died June 28, 1863; married
  
  Virginia Jane "Gincy" Goins.
  George Collins, born ca. 1800, died (?).
  Charles Collins, born ca. 1802, died (?).
  Robert Collins, born ca. 1804, died (?).
  So this still leaves the "Negro" Goins family Will Allen Dromgoole mentioned. Going to the recent Newspaper article Jack Goins stated this about his DNA results
  "It surprised me so much when mine came up African that I had it done again,"
  http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/05/24/melungeon-dna-study-origin_n_1544489.html
  So this shows his Goins line did not go to the Goins who lived on Newman's Ridge which showed as a R1b1a2 (Western European R-M269).

  Family Tree Maker's Genealogy Site: Genealogy Report: Ancestors of Thomas Lee Housley

  familytreemaker.genealogy.com

   
• 

  Joseph Newman "Haplogroup A contains some of the oldest Y-chromosome lineages on Earth. Typically found among isolated groups in southern and eastern Africa, the haplogroups is very rare today. It can occasionally be found among African Americans, however." 23andme
  72301 George Washington Goins Unknown Origin A
  So this would match with a "Negro" Goins family who did not live on Newman's ridge.
  "Evidently both my Goins and Minor family told this census person they were Portuguese and he wrote Portugee in race column, but later wrote the initial W real dark over this Portuguese maybe because he noticed the 1880 census did not list Portuguese. " http://www.jgoins.com/maybe_melungeon.htm
  This again confirms what Will Allen stated "The Portugese blood has been a misfortune to the first Melungeons in as much as it has been a shield to the Goins clan under which they have sought to shelter themselves and repudiate the African streak. " http://www.historical-melungeons.com/meltree.html
  "Now about the Collins boys, I knew when I was a boy Navarrh, or as he was called, "Vardy" Collins was a fine old patriarch, said to be of Portuguese Nationality" http://www.historical-melungeons.com/Rhea_Letter.html
  This matches with Thomas wood records also since his servant was a man from Portugal (The country not colony). "We hence sent back a horse belonging to Mr. Thomas Wood, which was tired, by a Portugal, belonging to Major General Wood," Annals of Southwest Virginia, 1769-1800.
  www.donchesnut.com/genealogy/pages/battsandfallamjournal.pdf
  This would match with Vardy's DNA being R1a1a. Would also match with the first record of the word Melungeon in 1810 saying Melungeons was neither Negro nor Indian but was Foreigners. www.jogg.info/72/files/Estes.pdf All the Gibsons in the project was R1b1a2, except for a Willie Gibson, who was Willie Gibson? I have tried to find information on any Willie Gibson associated with Melungeons. All the project has listed is a name with no dates, the DNA shows this mysterious Willie Gibson to be no relation to any other Gibsons.

  Jack Goins

  www.jgoins.com

  Maybe Melungeon Jack Goins This story deals with some unanswered questions on th...See More

  January 16 at 2:21am · Edited · Like
• 

  Joseph Newman Next person in the project Peter Mallet, the Mallett name is not a Melungeon surname so it is unclear why this person is in the project for Melungeons,
  182331 Peter Mallett, 1820 Census, Wilkes County, NC Unknown Origin E1b1a7a
  
  PETER MALLETT was the ancesteral father of the Hawkins County, Hancock County, Bradley County, and Hamilton County, TN Malletts. Not much is known about Peter Mallett, but it is believed that he was a Melungeon.
  Peter Mallett married ELIZABETH UNKNOWN about 1815 in Wilkes County, NC. Elizabeth was born about 1790 in NC.
  
  Children of PETER MALLETT and ELIZABETH UKNOWN are:
  i. UNKNOWN MALLETT, b. 1817; d. Abt. 1840; m. JOHN BEGLEY, Abt. 1835; b. 1805, Hawkins, Tennessee.
  ii. LEVI MALLETT, b. 1819, NC; d. June 06, 1862, Lexington, Kentucky.
  iii. WILLIAM JEFFERSON MALLETT, b. 1825.
  iv. MALINDA MALLETT, b. 1826; d. Aft. 1860; m. WILLIAM HOPKINS, Abt. 1845; b. 1820, Hawkins, Tennessee.
  http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~vljones/mallet/mallet01.html
  
  LEVI MALLETT was born in 1819 in Wilkes County, NC, and died on June 06, 1862 in Lexington, KY
  Levi Mallett married ELIZABETH MINOR February 15, 1842 in Hancock Co, TN, daughter of JOHN MINOR and SUSAN GOINS. She was born 1823 in Hawkins County, TN, and died April 10, 1861 in Hawkins Co, Tennessee.
  
  WILLIAM JEFFERSON MALLETT was born in 1825 in Wilkes County, NC. He married JOHANNAH ANDERSON. She was born in 1830 in Grayson County, VA, and was the daughter of STEPHEN ANDERSON and SARAH PERKINS.

  

  Virginia's Mallett Roots Generation 1

  freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com

  January 16 at 2:33am · Edited · Unlike · 1
• 

  Joseph Newman 40479 John Going b. c. 1730, Fairfax Co., VA Unknown Origin E1b1a
  5510 Gilford Minor Unknown Origin E1b1a
  41026 Simp Miner Unknown Origin E1b1a
  36031 Hezekiah Miner 1765-1830 Unknown Origin E1b1a
  
  HEZEKIAH MINOR was born 1766 in Halifax County, Virginia, and died 1840 in Hawkins County, Tennessee. He married ELIZABETH GOINS September 19, 1795 in Henry, Virginia, daughter of John and Elizabeth Going. Elizabeth Going, wife of Hezekiah Miner, was namesed in the 1801 will of her father John Going, Jr., of Henry Co. Va.
  Children of HEZEKIAH MINOR and ELIZABETH GOINS are:
  i. JAMES MINOR, b. Hancock County, Tennessee; d. Fisher Vally, Hancock County, Tennessee.
  ii. JOHN MINOR, b. 1797, Virginia; d. 1850.
  iii.ZACHARIAH MINOR, b. 1798, Rockingham County, North Carolina; d. March 10, 1872, Kyles Ford, Tennessee. v.LEWIS MINOR, b. December 24, 1807, Rockingham County, North Carolina; d. October 30, 1877, Hancock County, Tennessee.
  
  Only marriages from this family to Melungeons families which I could find are,SUSAN MINOR (ZACHARIAH2, HEZEKIAH1) was born May 14, 1835, and died November 16, 1914. She married (1) WILLIAM GOINS. She married (2) GEORGE WASHINGTON GOINS 1865 in Tennessee, son of GEORGE GOINS and MUNCEY. He was born 1835 in North Carolina. Their daughter was, LILLIE Earnestine GOINS, b. 1882, Hancock County, Tennessee; m. JOSEPH COLLINS; b. March 1883, Hancock County, Tennessee. Lillie was listed as white by the Government. http://image2.findagrave.com/photos/2011/218/74565262_131276386476.jpg
  -----------
  ZACHARIAH2 MINOR (HEZEKIAH1) was born 1798 in Rockingham County, North Carolina, and died March 10, 1872 in Kyles Ford, Tennessee. He married AGGIE SIZEMORE October 18, 1824. She was born July 29, 1803 in Tennessee, and died 1870 in Hawkins County, Tennessee.
  Their son, JAMES MINOR, b. March 18, 1845; m. AMANDA GIBSON; b. March 16, 1868; d. December 12, 1930.
  Their daughter,
  LYDIA MINOR (ZACHARIAH2, HEZEKIAH1) was born 1836 in Tennessee, and died 1880 in Hawkins County, Tennessee. She married (1) JAMES GOODMAN.
  
  http://www.historical-melungeons.com/hezekiah_minor.html
  
  Simp Miner and Gilford Minor's information,
  Simpson P. Miner
  Date and Place of Birth: TN June 12 1855
  Name and age of spouse: Mary Sizemore 46
  Father: Gilford Minor
  Mother: Polly Goins
  Where were they born:
  Father: Hancock County, TN
  Mother: Hancock, TN
  Grandparent's Father's side: Zach Miner-Agga Sizemore
  Grandparent's Mother's side: Zar(Isiaih Goins) Minta (Arminta)
  http://www.historical-melungeons.com/cherokee1.html
  
  Information on the Joseph Collins who married Lillie,
  He was a member of the Secret Order of the Redman of Appalachia.
  http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=68848903
  
  JAMES3 MINOR (ZACHARIAH2, HEZEKIAH1) was born March 18, 1845, and died 1909. He married (1) AMANDA GIBSON, daughter of GEORGE GIBSON and ESTER ???. She was born March 16, 1868, and died December 12, 1930. He married (2) ELIZA HURD. He married (3) SARAH WINSTEAD. He married (4) SARA SMITH.
  Notes for AMANDA GIBSON:
  GIBSON Family
  First Generation
  1. George1 Gibson birth date unknown. George died date unknown at age unknown.(50)
  http://genforum.genealogy.com/minor/messages/1260.html

  

  http://image2.findagrave.com/photos/2011/218/74565262_131276386476.jpg

  image2.findagrave.com

  January 16 at 3:41am · Edited · Like
• 

  Joseph Newman "George Gibson born in 1834 son of Lambert Gibson and Margaret (Peggy) Gibson. He married Ester Stampler in 1854"
  http://genforum.genealogy.com/gibson/messages/13175.html
  Lambert Gibson was born 1802 in Scott County,Va.
  http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/i/b/James-L-Gibson/WEBSITE-0001/UHP-0047.html

  

  Re: GEORGE GIBSON, 1850 Scott Co. VA. Census

  genforum.genealogy.com

   
• January 16 at 12:10pm · Like
• 

  Joseph Newman I had always thought the bunch family was the black bunch family of bertie county...but when i checked this...the newman's ridge bunch family not only did not have african haplogroups...but is not even related to the bertie county bunch family lol

  January 16 at 1:37pm · Like · 2
• 

  Joseph Newman http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/MELUNGEON-DNA/2012-07/1343262358

  RootsWeb: MELUNGEON-DNA-L [MELUNGEON-DNA] Questions on DNA

  archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com
• January 16 at 2:17pm · Like
• 

  Joseph Newman First recorded use of the word Melungeon was in 1810 when it was stated Melungeons was neither Negro nor Indian, they was "Foreigners".
  www.jogg.info/72/files/Estes.pdf
  
  "Vardy Collins, Shepherd Gibson, Benjamin Collins, Solomon Collins, Paul Bunch and the Goodmans, chiefs and the rest of them settled here about the year 1804, possibly about the year 1795, but all these men above named, who are called Melungeons, obtained land grants and muniments of title to the land they settled on and they were the friendly Indians who came with the whites as they moved west. These Indians came to Newman’s Ridge and Blackwater. Some of them went into the War of 1812-1914 whose names are here given; James Collins, John Bolin and Mike Bolin and some others not remembered; " Sneedville Attorney Lewis Jarvis , The Hancock County Times
  Sneedville, Tennessee, 17 April 1903
  http://historical-melungeons.blogspo...s-article.html
  
  87771 Vardy Collins b 1764 Unknown Origin R1a1a
  87768 Shepherd Gibson d. 1842 Hawkins Co. TN Unknown Origin R1b1a2
  210660 Obadiah Goodman 1770-1839 KY and TN Unknown Origin R1b1a2
  154495 Alfred Goodman, 1828-1898 Unknown Origin R1b1a2
  247883 Samuel Bunch, Hancock County, TN Unknown Origin R1b1a2a1a1b4
  95039 Elza Bunch Unknown Origin R1b1a2
  83214 Lorenzo Dow Bunch Unknown Origin R1b1a2
  B2319 James Collins , b. 1773 and d. 1860 United States E1b1b1
  125415 William Bolin, b.cir 1813, d.cir 1882 Unknown Origin R1b1a2
  200122 Benjamin Bolling or Boling United States R1b1a2
  87510 Benjamin Collins R1b1a2
  
  R1b1a2 (R-M269)
  "Western Europe is dominated by the R1b1a2 (R-M269) branch of R1b"
  Haplogroup R1b (Y-DNA) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  "More than 100 million European men carry a type called R-M269"
  "R-M269 is most common in western Europe, reaching frequencies of 90% or more in Spain, Ireland and Wales."
  BBC News - DNA study deals blow to theory of European origins
  
  "These two, Vardy Collins and Buck Gibson, were the had and source of the Melungeons in Tennessee. Old Benjamin Collins, one of the pioneers, was older than Vardy, but came to Tennessee a trifle later. He had quite a large family of children, among them Edmond, Mileyton, Marler, Harry, Andrew, Zeke, Jordon. From
  Jordan Collins descended Calloway Collins who is still living today and from whom I obtained some valuable information. Benjamin Collins was known as old Ben, and became the head of the Ben's tribe. Old Solomon Collins was the head of Sol's tribe. The English branch began with the MULLINS tribe, a very powerful tribe, Old Jim Mullins, the father of the branch, was an Englishman. The African branch was introduced by one Goins who emigrated from North Carolina after the formation of the state of Tenn. Goins was a Negro, and did not settle upon the Ridge, but lower down the Big Sycamore Creek in Powell's Valley. He took a Melungeon woman for his wife (took up with her),and reared a family or tribe. The Goins family may be easily recognized by their kinky hair ,flat nose and foot, thick lips, and a complexion totally unlike the Collins and Mullins tribes. The Portuguese branch was for a long time a riddle, the existence of it being stoutly denied. It has at last,
  however, been traced to one "Denham", a Portuguese who married a Collins woman. "
  http://www.historical-melungeons.com/meltree.html
  
  87771 Vardy Collins b 1764 Unknown Origin R1a1a
  87768 Shepherd Gibson d. 1842 Hawkins Co. TN Unknown Origin R1b1a2
  69729 David Denham, b. 1754, Louisa County, VA. Unknown Origin I1
  87373 Irish Jim Mullins of Hawkins Co. TN, b. c. 1780 Unknown Origin R1b1a2
  44230 Joeseph Goins b 1766 d 1859 Unknown Origin R1b1a2
  72301 George Washington Goins Unknown Origin A
  40479 John Going b. c. 1730, Fairfax Co., VA Unknown Origin E1b1a
  
  Melungeon Mitochondrial DNA:
  To date, all of the descendants tested fall into haplogroup H, a clearly European haplogroup.
  Mahala Collins H
  Elizabeth Collins H
  Margaret "Peggy" Gibson H
  Rachel Reed H
  Jemina Simmes (Sinnes) H
  Aggy Sizemore H
  www.jogg.info/72/files/Estes.pdf
  
  Bryan Sykes in his book Blood of the Isles gives imaginative names to the founders or "clan patriarchs" of major British Y haplogroups, much as he did for mitochondrial haplogroups in his work The Seven Daughters of Eve. He named R1a1a in Europe the "clan" of a "patriarch" Sigurd, reflecting the theory that R1a1a in the British Isles has Norse origins.
  
  R1a1 has been proposed to have arisen in the Kurgan culture. The Kurgans are believed to have domesticated horses in around 3000 B.C., which may have driven the spread of the R1a1 haplogroup. Genetic and archeological evidence suggests that the Kurgans spoke and spread an early Indo-European language (Wells et al., 2001).
  
  "Haplogroup H is the most common mtDNA haplogroup in Europe. The majority of the European populations have an overall haplogroup H frequency of 40%–50%" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_H_%28mtDNA%29
  
  "More than a third of the European pool of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is fragmented into a number of subclades of haplogroup (hg) H, the most frequent hg throughout western Eurasia. " http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/24/2/436.abstract
  
  "While many I1 members trace their ancestry to Scandinavia, others find their roots in the British Isles, Germany, and beyond."
  http://www.familytreedna.com/public/yDNA_I1
  
  "Y-DNA Haplogroup I is confusing. On the one hand it seems ancient in Europe. It rarely appears outside the boundaries of Europe and European colonies. So it is not a good candidate for arrival with farmers from the Near East. Nor does it seem the prime candidate for spread with the Indo-Europeans, since they travelled both west into Europe and east into the Indian Subcontinent. So the natural conclusion is that haplogroup I has been stalking around Europe since the Stone Age."
  http://www.buildinghistory.org/dista...logroupi.shtml
  
  "E1b1b is distributed as far south as South Africa, and northwards into North Africa, from where it has in more recent millennia expanded to Europe and Asia." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogr...9#Distribution
  
  "E1b1b, which is the most common Y Haplogroup among Ethiopians, Somalis, Eritreans and North African Berbers and Arabs, is the third most common Haplogroup in Europe."
  http://history.loftinnc.com/DNA_Testing.htm
  
  "The Wright Brothers belonged to Y-DNA haplogroup E1b1b1" http://history.loftinnc.com/DNA_Testing.htm
  "Albert Einstein was from the 20% of Eastern European Jews and belongs to Haplogroup E1b1b" http://www.e1b1b1-m35.info/2011/02/e...stein-and.html

  January 16 at 5:01pm · Like · 1
• 

  Joseph Newman "DNA tests reveal 'Hitler was descended from the Jews and Africans he hated'"
  
  http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1305414/Hitler-descended-Jews-Africans-DNA-tests-reveal.html

  

  DNA tests reveal 'Hitler was descended from the Jews and Africans he hated'

  www.dailymail.co.uk

  Samples taken from relatives of the Nazi leader show that he is biologically linked to the 'sub-human' races he sought to exterminate.