Friday, October 21, 2011

Collins Y-DNA "has blown holes in theories of Afro-Centrists."


New research into Collins y-dna

In light of recent breakthroughs in the world of genetic genealogy, it is my habit to update my own y-dna profile in consistency with the recent developments. A Y- DNA database that I often peruse is ysearch.org. For those unfamiliar with this website, it is one in which y-dna donors, participants and researchers may search a database featuring y-dna from various sources including, but not limited to FTDNA, ancestry.com and a host of others. One major change that I have noticed is that now E1b1a and E1b1b have been formally linked by mutation V-38. A recent deep-subclade study of three members of my genetic relative circle undertaken at ftdna revealed a confirmed haplogroup of E1b1a7a. While still not resolutely certain of its accuracy, I too began to take notice of my own y-dna and it’s similarities with the E1b1b subclade. Marker numbers 19a, dys393 and dys390 still look as thought they are the ‘defining’ markers of my supposed haplogroup, the other 33 appear to be in line with E1b1b. At Whit Athey’s haplogroup predictor.  I put this hypothesis to the test.http://www.hprg.com/hapest5/hapest5a/hapest5.htm?order=num andhttp://members.bex.net/jtcullen515/haplotest.htm

By removing the three defining markers I get 88.6%. Still not enough to convince ftdna that they are wrong so I’ll just leave it as is for the time being and accept the confirmation of E1b1a7a. In an updated wikipedia article on E1b1a it states “Outside of Africa, E1b1a has been found at low frequencies. In Eurasia, the clade has primarily been found in West Asia. There have also been reported a few isolated incidents of E1b1a in Southern European populations in Malta, Spain and Portugal. There have also been isolated incidences in Austria and Germany”. I have been saying for quite sometime after conversations with Darren Marin of ftdna and the fact that genetic relatives show a “recent ancestral origin” in Germany. Mr. Marin said that our German match was from that country and had an ancient history there. He could not divulge anymore information than that due to privacy issues. One family having ancient origins in Europe is the Gabbenesch family of Tyrol, Austria. Recent immigrants to the US, with a confirmed haplogroup of E1b1a8a. Researchers of this line theorize a Roman ancestor or something more ancient among the Rhaetian, an Alpine Tribe of the Raetia and the Po Valley. This finding has blown holes into theories of quite a few Afro-centrists.

Afro-centrists being those who hold firm to the ‘out of Africa’ theory and those entrenched in the works of “Free African-Americans” by Paul Heinnig. While so many genealogists and researchers are persuaded that E1b1a in Caucasians results from unions of free Black men and indentured white servant women as per Mr. Heinnig’s book, which in fact was not his original intention. He speculated on the order of 1% of the colonial era Free African-Americans originated this way. By his reckoning and research he set out to prove that African-American’s today descended from such unions not Caucasians. It has been written that E1b1a accounts for 50-55% of African-American males, the rest are mostly haplogroup R1b (a supposed Celtic haplogroup). So then, how many of this 50-55% are descendants of a white man that carried this gene? How many disillusioned black carriers of R1b, thinking they are offspring of a white slave owner are truly from the 40% of the inhabitants of Cameroon who carry R1b?

Another line that I will briefly cover is a family that lived among my own and even trekked the same paths as my own. All the while the y-dna shows no relation to this family at least not paternally. The lineage in question has y-dna haplogroup of R1a and has among it’s members, descendants of David Collins born 1750, Griffin Collins born 1773, Vardy Collins born 1764 and Amos Collins born 1784 to name just a few. This line has an oral tradition that states a Native American origin. R1a is said to have originated in Eastern Europe and is common in Scandinavia and the British Isles amid those of Viking/Norse descent. Is it possible that R1a split much like mtdna hg X and one section traveled west into Europe and one traveled east, following the hunter-gatherers that crossed the Bering Strait? As this is not my own extraction, I cannot speak on their behalf. But as mtdna X, could be of a Soultrean culture.

Now I will examine various places around the world via ysearch how widespread haplogroup E1b1a is in comparison with my own and others of my group.

From the British Isles to continental Europe surely all of these cannot be wrong. The Lucy family immigrated to the northern United States, the Low’s immigrated to New Zealand. Clearly not all E1b1a Caucasians are from the U.S. south. So it is in my opinion that the slave male, white indentured female origin theory has been thoroughly debunked. If only 1% of free African births happened this way in early Colonial days, it does not account for the vast number of Caucasians now showing up as E1b1a. To propagate this nonsense any further is to hinder serious research.

Which brings me to my next point; how accurate are haplogroup designations? This website says that y-dna is determined by climate

http://www.britam.org/YDNAclime.html

We are interested in DNA because it helps us trace different peoples and show the interrelationships amongst them.
We believe it may be useful. Nevertheless it also seems certain that environmental influence at some stage in the past does determine YDNA haplogroups. This however is not yet “officially” acknowledged. As soon as acknowledgement is forthcoming there may be studies showing how and when the YDNA changes take place. We will then be able to consider to what degree they are attributable to hereditary and what and when they are not. ” The fact that North America has a much warmer climate than say Northern Europe and many but not all of these families are from the Southern United States could it be ‘global warming’ on a genealogical scale?



The human Y chromosome is particularly exposed to high mutation rates due to the environment in which it is housed. The Y chromosome is passed exclusively through sperm, which undergo multiple cell divisions during gametogenesis. Each cellular division provides further opportunity to accumulate base pair mutations. Additionally, sperm are stored in the highly oxidative environment of the testis, which encourages further mutation. These two conditions combined put the Y chromosome at a risk of mutation 4.8 times greater than the rest of the genome.

Haplogroups can change every 200-400 some take longer to develop. Every new skeleton that is found is refuting the “out of Africa” theory. The Haplogroup designations cannot tell where our ancestors were a thousand years ago. The haplotypes can only tell if 2 or more males are related and show a common ancestor. Very little studies of European y-dna have been conducted; it’s usually by Americans of European descent. E1b1a which is allegedly a Sub-Saharan haplogroup has been found in Europeans and white Americans with no known African bloodline some going back 500 years.

Researcher Janet Crain states: “When scientists speak of haplogroups as being Asian, European, African or Native American they are speaking in broad terms of where these people lived in isolation for many, many thousands of years before they began migrating and mixing together. A haplogroup takes more than 400 years to evolve
-From melungeon-L group forums-

It appears that haplogroups are little more than a convenient cataloging of similar haplotypes. That is why now I do not place much faith in them. I do not however deny the matches that I have encountered, whether they are close relations or relatives of a more ancient kind. Now I will briefly discuss my opinions on the ancient origins of my haplotype’s progenitor.

Theory I: A Moor origin. As the matches at ysearch show, we can follow a migration pattern from Algeria-Iberian peninsula-Germany. It is very well possible that my earliest discernable male ancestor was an Islamic Moor or Jew in the service of the Moor army that took part in the European invasion of 711. The Battle of Tours on October 10, 732 followed 23 years of Umayyad (Moor) conquests in Europe which had begun with the invasion of the Visigothic Christian Kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula in 711. These were followed by military expeditions into the Frankish territories of Gaul, former provinces of the Roman Empire. Umayyad military campaigns had reached northward into Aquitaine and Burgundy, including a major engagement at Bordeaux and a raid on Autun. Charles’ victory is widely believed to have stopped the northward advance of Umayyad forces from the Iberian Peninsula, and to have preserved Christianity in Europe during a period when Muslim rule was overrunning the remains of the old Roman and Persian Empires. Of course as with any advancing army there will be deserters. My ancestor could have been one of these.

Later in the year 1025 another invasion from North Africa occurred. The ‘black-skinned’ Muslim Almoravids swept Iberia and added to their previous conquests. The Almoravids (Berber: Imṛabḍen, Arabic: Al-Murābiṭūn) were a Berber dynasty of Morocco, who lived between the current Senegal and southern Morocco. It is affiliated to the Berber tribes of Sanhaja and Lamtuna. From the eleventh century to the twelfth century, their empire was extended over present-day Morocco, Mauritania, southern Spain and Portugal, western present-day Algeria and a part of what is now Mali. At its greatest extent, the empire stretched 3,000 kilometres north to south. Almoravids built the city of Marrakesh and made it their capital city which became then one of the most influential centers of power in Africa and the Mediterranean region. Another likely candidate for ancestral origins.

Theory II: Melungeons. Who were the mysterious Melungeons? It s a term traditionally applied to one of a number of “tri-racial isolate” groups of the Southeastern United States, mainly in the Cumberland Gap area of central Appalachia, which includes portions of East Tennessee, Southwest Virginia, and East Kentucky. Tri-racial describes populations thought to be of mixed European, sub-Saharan African, and Native American ancestry. Although there is no consensus on how many such groups exist, estimates range as high as 200.
From wikipedia.
Other theories on the Melungeons are shipwrecked Turkish and Portuguese sailors, which could fall in line with The Moor theory. Many patriarchs of these isolated did say on a number of occasions that they were “Port-gee”.

My own personal opinion on Melungeons can be summed up in a statement by scholar and Collins family researcher and genealogist Dwight S. Collins who writes:
Melungeon was a little used and little unknown term until some enterprising “researcher’s realized it’s “yellow journalism” potential, I believe. It was only used in print the one time in the famous Stony Creek Church minutes when Will Drumgoogle picked it up and published it in a newspaper in the 1890′s I think it was. Will was a woman, and sensational journalism was the rage, so it made a good story about. some hill people from the mountains that sounded kind of strange, exotic, and mysterious. A perfect story to help the career of a budding reporter. Add that to the mix of Indian’s who managed to stay in the hills of home, the Trail of Tears was scarcely complete, and you can have an imagined story line ready for the masses.”

The oft quoted Drumgoole seems to be the only source behind melungeon mythology so you have to take this with some mindful thought behind it.
Theory III: Romany/Gypsy or Jewish. This theory once again can go back to the Moors/Melungeons. While in most of Europe the Romani arrived from Asia through Eastern Europe, they were recorded as having arrived in Spain from Northern Africa, as early as 1425. The Jews arrived much earlier. They were recorded in Barcelona and Zaragoza by 1447. At first they were well received and were even accorded official protection by many local authorities. By 1492, a time of increased persecution of minorities, the first anti-Romani law was passed in Spain. According to Blas Infante, in his book “Orígenes de lo flamenco y secreto del cante jondo” (Origins of Flamenco and Flamenco singing secret), the word Flamenco may derive from Andalusian Arabic fellah mengu, “Escapee Peasant”. Infante connects the numerous Muslim inhabitants of Andalusia who decided to stay and mix with the Romani newcomers instead of abandoning their lands because of their religious beliefs. After the Castilian “reconquest” of Andalusia, the Reconquista, the government expropriated formerly Muslim lands to give to warlords and mercenaries who had helped the Castilian Empire against Al-Andalus. When the Spanish Crown later ordered the expulsion or forceful conversion of the Andalusian Moors, many of them took refuge among the Roma, becoming fellah mengu to avoid persecution or forced deportation. In 1492 the Romanies and Jews were included in the list of peoples to be assimilated or driven out. Where did they go?

The Iberian Romany group has developed a strong identity, having kept isolated from the other European Roma for centuries. Caló is their common designation in Spain and Southern France (where their mother tongue is either Spanish or Catalan), while in Portugal their ethnonym is “Calon”. Calon sounds to be an early word that could have morphed into Collin or Collins. Interestingly enough it looks as though my own y-dna is as closely related to Ashkenazi Jews as to Sephardic Jews.

http://www.familytreedna.com/landing/ydna-transfer.aspx?ftdna_ref=497

http://www.familytreedna.com/public/dominicansephardim/default.aspx?section=yresults

http://www.familytreedna.com/public/IberianSurnamesofAshkenaz/default.aspx?section=yresults
http://www.familytreedna.com/public/4Sephardim/default.aspx?section=yresults
M2 (E1b1a) can be found among 8.4% of Sephardic Jews.  (Source: “History in the Interpretation of the Patten of p49a, f RFLP Y-Chromosome Variation in Egypt: A Consideration of Multiple Lines of Evidence TaqI” Keita, 2005). That being said I still do not waver on my stance for haplogroup designations.

The Ashkenazi, Jews of Ashkenaz are the Jews descended from the medieval Jewish communities along the Rhine in Germany from Alsace in the south to the Rhineland in the north. Ashkenaz is the medieval Hebrew name for this region and thus for Germany. Thus, Ashkenazim or Ashkenazi Jews are literally “German Jews.” Later, Jews from Western and Central Europe came to be called “Ashkenazi” because the main centers of Jewish learning were located in Germany. Ashkenazi is also a Japhetic patriarch in the Table of Nations. This theory fits perfectly with the fact that I have a genetic relative surnamed Preisch (later Price) from the Rhineland region. This family was also in Montgomery County, Virginia at the same time as my Collins’.

Theory IV: the Ubii. Not much is known of the Ubii tribe of western Germany other than what Romans wrote about them. They were a Germanic tribe first encountered dwelling on the right bank of the Rhine in the time of Julius Caesar, who formed an alliance with them in 55 BC in order to launch attacks across the river. They were transported in 39 BC by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa to the left bank, apparently at their own request, as they feared the incursions of their neighbors the Chatti. The Ubii seem to have been so thoroughly Romanized that they adopted the name Agrippenses in honor of their “founder”, and their later history is submerged with other Franks in that of eastern Gaul as a whole.

So why would I even discuss the Ubii? There is a German origin and there is a Romanization of these people. This goes back to the aforementioned Gabbenesch family, remember their theories abound with Romans and/or a more ancient isolation of the Raetian tribe. It is a theory that cannot be proven nor can it be disproved.

21 comments:

  1. Hello,
    E-V22'm from Spain, all my Spanish surnames in my family there is no oral tradition or documents that may shed light on how and when that ancestor came to Spain.

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  2. Im sorry...but I dont actually see holes in this. The only thing this article describes is areas where this particular haplogroup was found. It doesnt eliminate where the group originated (Northern Africa). I find it highly unlikely that southern heat would have changed y-dna to the extent that is described here. A couple hundred years of warm genitalia is not enough time to completely change the haplogroup profiles. It seems ppl want to find any racial explanation other than "africa". I think the only "holes blown" were those of the in the perceived racial/familial identities of a lot of ppl.

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  3. My Y-DNA haplogroup E1b1a7a
    4 Votes

    My E1b1a7a also known as E1b1a1a1f1a1 (YCC E1b1a7a) is defined by P252/U174.

    It seems the most common subclade of E-L485. It is believed that originate from or have a genetic origin by Central Western Africa.

    It is rarely found in most western portions of West Africa. Montano et al. (2011) found this subclade very prevalent in Nigeria and Gabon. Filippo et al. (2011) estimated that ~ 4.2 kya tMRCA of a sample of Yoruba population positive for the SNP.

    Many previous studies of Y chromosomal variation in Africa associated with haplogroup E1b1a (and sometimes their lineage sub-E1b1a7). However, the distribution of these two lineages extends far beyond the area occupied today by Bantu-speaking people, raising questions about their own genetic structure behind this expansion.

    Within the phylum Niger-Congo us first examine the differences in composition between Bantu haplogroup and not Bantu groups via two markers (U174 and U175) in the bottom of haplogroup E1b1a (and E1b1a7) who were genotyped directly in our samples and for which genotypes were inferred from published data using the Linear Discriminate Analysis STR haplotypes.

    My E1b1a7a is very common in Nigeria and shows strong relationship with the Yoruba of Nigeria also.

    My Test Results Family FTDNA Locator, which is a test

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  4. Sean, I was doing some research today on my DNA and came across the Ashkenazi info. There looks to be about 3-4 matches. Could it be there is a definitive match there? maybe Preisch has some Jewish bloodlines? how would I go about knowing for sure?

    Robin Price Scott

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    1. Hi Robin... this is an old post and I just saw it. No, your Preisch is definetly not Jewish, they were in ancient times... Celts

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  5. My first suspicion is that there is more to it than meets the eye, and I mean that to both the original African hypothesis and to your alternative. Where is a good place to send a private inquiry?

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  6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_E-V38

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  7. "How many disillusioned black carriers of R1b, thinking they are offspring of a white slave owner are truly from the 40% of the inhabitants of Cameroon who carry R1b?"

    Probably none.. because the African back-migration R1b is 'V88', and is so old that it does not fall downstream of M-269.

    100% of European R1b = M-269, so the V-88 result would be a red flare signal that is a african Hg, because the requisite M-269 SNP does not exist upstream.

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    1. The SNP will only be revealed with deep subclade testing. Based on STR markers, R1b(V88) and R1b(M269) look alike

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  8. It could be possible that the Collins E1a was a ancient artifact, if not for the fact that the Minors, Goins, Gibsons, etc.. who are all allied families share the same E1a results.
    Thats too much of a coincidence. Also, Gabbenisch is from Cincinnati Ohio in modern times, not Switerland or Austria.. so their E1a is not from a person born and raised in a isolated chalet in the Alps where E1a is virtually absent.
    It comes from a family in Cincinnati that has a very large Black population.

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    1. wrong, this family immigrated to Cincinnati in 1849 before blacks became the dominant race there

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  9. Your article didn't do what it promised, it only described, it showed no weaknesses in the OOA or afrocentric theory. If anything your statements support them because how else do you get r1b in nigeria and europe? They are clearly different races.

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  10. "Haplogroup E is one of the two branches of the mega-haplogroup DE. It originated approximately 50,000 years ago. Scientists believe that it either arose in Africa or represents a back migration. It has been linked to the Neolithic expansion of peoples into Southern Europe. Over sixty subclades of E have been discovered." Source is here



    Y-DNA Haplogroup E and its Sub-haplogroupswith associated SNP indicators (source here is being revised)
    New SNP equivalents found in four E1a1 men See below

    The following is at ISOGG 11/2014
    E M96/PF1823 (and many equivalents)
    • E1 P147/PF1938 (and many equivalents)
    • • E1a M132 (and many equivalents)
    • • E1a1 M44 (and many equivalents)

    E1a2* CTS10713/Z958 (and many equivalents)

    E1a3 L636

    FTDNA Haplotree differs with the following 11/2014

    M44 L632 L634
    CTS10713More...
    CTS9548
    P110
    CTS11769L94More...
    PF3664
    Z479
    L262More...
    Z322
    L636 L637




    Y-DNA haplogroup E would appear to have arisen in Northeast Africa based on the concentration and variety of E subclades in that area today. But the fact that Haplogroup E is closely linked with Haplogroup D, which is not found in Africa, leaves open the possibility that E first arose in the Near or Middle East and was subsequently carried into Africa by a back migration.E1b1 is by far the lineage of greatest geographical distribution. It has two important sub-lineages, E1b1a and E1b1b. E1b1a is an African lineage that probably expanded from northern African to sub-Saharan and equatorial Africa with the Bantu agricultural expansion. E1b1a is the most common lineage among African Americans. E1b1b1 probably evolved either in Northeast Africa or the Near East and then expanded to the west--both north and south of the Mediterranean Sea. Eb1b1 clusters are seen today in Western Europe, Southeast Europe, the Near East, Northeast Africa and Northwest Africa. Source is here

    Added 12/7/2010 Peter Underhill, 23andMe Y chromosome expert: "E1a1 is an E1-M33 subclade defined by M44. We ascertained M44 on a couple of the frequent M33 derived Dogon from Mali. I don't think there is much M44 data, but M33 has been reported in Calabria Italy as well as Trento. Some M33 (M44 status unknown) also reported in Iberia and Cape Verde islands. Given that M33 is a rather deep branch in haplogroup E, any M33 outside of Africa might indeed reflect recent gene flow."

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  11. R1b-V88 is what appears in the Camerron. This was infused from Berbers who in turn carried it from Southern Europe. R1b -M269 is dominant among Western Europeans. Just as R1b -M173 which appears among some Native-Americans was a result of French admixture. Directly or indirectly R1B is European.

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  12. e-p252 paternal haplogroup. expected .001% african on mother's side, not 2.4% on fathers side. I expected to be just british, german and a lil blackfoot on that side. sure are hilarious conspiracy theories around some haplogroups lol

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  13. The answer is simple- research the black Germans- E1B1A- has been found along the Lymes in the Black Forest, the Danube, and the Rhine. The Romans depopulated the male population of the area by forcing the men into the legions and stationing them outside of Germany. They brought in legions from Libya and North Africa to man the outposts- The E1BA1 is very common (40 percent) among the Berbers of Libya

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  14. The answer is simple- research the black Germans- E1B1A- has been found along the Lymes in the Black Forest, the Danube, and the Rhine. The Romans depopulated the male population of the area by forcing the men into the legions and stationing them outside of Germany. They brought in legions from Libya and North Africa to man the outposts- The E1BA1 is very common (40 percent) among the Berbers of Libya

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  15. This same phenomenon is found in northern England and southern Scotland around the area of Hadrian’s wall. 1 percent of Scots carry E1B1A to include members of the royal Stewart line

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  16. Do you realize your article? So even today to claim that haplogroup E1b1A is of African origin is to be atrocentrism? Unbelievable you are white, you are everywhere, you interfere in all the stories of blacks. Haplogroup E1b1A is present up to 100% in black Africa and at low frequencies in the rest of the world. Since this haplogroup was found on some Egyptian and Middle Eastern mummies, it is a fashion to attribute it to a Caucasoid / Eurasian origin. You say that this haplogroup is of Eurasian or Eastern origin, ok except that we find little or no Eurasian / Eastern trace in black Africa dating from prehistory and antiquity, no human figuration, no Caucasoid bones in black Africa then that Gemma Lee maintains that the whites were present in Central Africa in -7000 BC even before the arrival of the Bantu in the region. I am of the opinion that humanity was born between India and the Orient and that from this region all the peoples have migrated elsewhere. Traces of black Africans are present in Europe and the East dating from prehistoric times and antiquity. Let us not forget that certain anthropologists such as Sir Arthur Keith say that the black belt extended from Atlantic Africa to Oceania via the Indo-Irano-Arabia region. So white populations would have left the Eurasian region gradually descending to the southern Mediterranean then from there would have crossed to go to North Africa and then gradually descended to the Sahara, some would have gone to West Africa, others to Central Africa. -australe-sud and they who were white therefore with recessive genes would have succeeded in founding millions of black families possessing dominant genes ???
    Maybe it's not Eurocentrism to support the Eurasian origin of haplogroup E1b1A which is present at no more than 1% in Europe?

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